London moment for heavy-fermion superconductors

Sanzari, Martin A.; Cui, Hong‐Liang; Karwacki, Francis A.

doi:10.1063/1.116622

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The rotating superconductor was analyzed in the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) framework by Verkin and Kulik; 4 this kind of analysis has been recently revised by Capellmann. 5 Equation (1) has been verified by several experiments, 6,7,8,9,10,11 and they have actually become a means for measuring the effective mass of a Cooper pair. The possibility of measuring the charge to mass ratio from the magnetic field generated by a rotating superconductor has been regarded as an example that stands on equal footing with "quantum protection" and symmetries, i.e., a case in which the result is insensitive to microscopics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Nonlinearity of the field induced by a rotating superconducting shell

Berger

2004

Phys. Rev. B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Nonlinearity of the field induced by a rotating superconducting shell

Berger

2004

Phys. Rev. B

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“…In this derivation, only the electromagnetic properties of the electrons have been used. The effect has been experimentally confirmed, see, for example, [88,89,84]. DeWitt, in a slightly different setup, addressed the gravitational drag effect on a superconductor [45].…”

Section: Earlier Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the interaction of mesoscopic quantum systems with gravity

Kiefer¹,

Weber

2005

Ann. Phys.

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We review the different aspects of the interaction of mesoscopic quantum systems with gravitational fields. We first discuss briefly the foundations of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Then, we consider the non-relativistic expansions of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations in the post-Newtonian approximation. After a short overview of classical gravitational waves, we discuss two proposed interaction mechanisms: (i) the use of quantum fluids as generator and/or detector of gravitational waves in the laboratory, and (ii) the inclusion of gravitomagnetic fields in the study of the properties of rotating superconductors. The foundations of the proposed experiments are explained and evaluated. Quantum theory and the gravitational fieldIn this introductory section we shall give a brief review of the relation between quantum theory and gravity. For more details and references we refer to [1].The gravitational interaction is distinguished by the fact that it interacts universally with all forms of energy. It dominates on large scales (relevant for cosmology) and for compact objects (such as neutron stars and black holes). All presently known features of gravitational physics are successfully described by the theory of general relativity (GR), accomplished by Albert Einstein in 1915.1 In this theory, gravity is not interpreted as a force acting on space and in time, but as a representation of the geometry of spacetime. This is a consequence of the equivalence principle stating the (local) equivalence of free fall with the gravity-free case. Mass generates curvature which in turn acts back on the mass. Curvature can also exist in vacuum; for example, it can propagate with the speed of light in the form of gravitational waves. In contrast to other physical theories, spacetime in GR plays a dynamical role and not the role of a rigid background structure.Experimentally, GR is a very successful theory [4]. Particularly impressive examples are the observations of the double pulsar PSR 1913+16 by which the existence of gravitational waves has been verified indirectly. Many interferometers on Earth are now in operation with the goal of direct observations of these waves. This would open a new window to the universe ('gravitational-wave astronomy'). After 40 years of preparation, the ambitious satellite project Gravity-Probe B was launched in April 2004 in order to observe the 'Thirring-Lense effect' predicted by GR. This effect states that a rotating mass (here the Earth) forces local inertial systems in its neighbourhood to rotate with respect to far-away objects. GR has also entered everyday life in the form of the global positioning system GPS; without the implementation of GR, inaccuracies in the order of kilometres would easily arise over the time span of days [5]. A recent survey of GR tests in space can be found in [6] and the references therein. * Corresponding author: e-mail: kiefer@thp.uni-koeln.de 1 Exceptions may be the Pioneer anomaly [2] and the rotation curves of galaxies [3], which could in principle d...

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“…4, since it depends on the sign of the charge of the current carriers (whether electrons or holes). Fortunately there is no ambiguity: experiments on rotating superconductors demonstrate that the current in superconductors is always carried by negative electrons [6,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meissner Effect, Spin Meissner Effect and Charge Expulsion in Superconductors

Hirsch

2011

J Supercond Nov Magn

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The Meissner effect and the Spin Meissner effect are the spontaneous generation of charge and spin current respectively near the surface of a metal making a transition to the superconducting state. The Meissner effect is well known but, I argue, not explained by the conventional theory, the Spin Meissner effect has yet to be detected. I propose that both effects take place in all superconductors, the first one in the presence of an applied magnetostatic field, the second one even in the absence of applied external fields. Both effects can be understood under the assumption that electrons expand their orbits and thereby lower their quantum kinetic energy in the transition to superconductivity. Associated with this process, the metal expels negative charge from the interior to the surface and an electric field is generated in the interior. The resulting charge current can be understood as arising from the magnetic Lorentz force on radially outgoing electrons, and the resulting spin current can be understood as arising from a spin Hall effect originating in the Rashba-like coupling of the electron magnetic moment to the internal electric field. The associated electrodynamics is qualitatively different from London electrodynamics, yet can be described by a small modification of the conventional London equations. The stability of the superconducting state and its macroscopic phase coherence hinge on the fact that the orbital angular momentum of the carriers of the spin current is found to be exactly /2, indicating a topological origin. The simplicity and universality of our theory argue for its validity, and the occurrence of superconductivity in many classes of materials can be understood within our theory.

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London moment for heavy-fermion superconductors

Abstract: Magnetism and heavy fermionlike behavior in the RBiPt series

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Nonlinearity of the field induced by a rotating superconducting shell

Nonlinearity of the field induced by a rotating superconducting shell

On the interaction of mesoscopic quantum systems with gravity

Meissner Effect, Spin Meissner Effect and Charge Expulsion in Superconductors

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