Logn�, a peat bog of European ecological interest in the Massif Armorican, Western France: Bog development, vegetation and land-use history

Barbier, Delphine; Visset, Lionel

doi:10.1007/bf01261955

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The '1.7-1.4 ka AP event' is all the more striking as it takes place in a major increasing phase of landscape opening (detectable in pollen sequences since around 4000 years BP 11,26 ). This atypical arboreal pollen increase, only noticed in a few records 11,26,27 , thus raises the question of its climate and/or anthropogenic origin (i.e. agricultural abandonment, probably leading to a forest revival).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Striking forest revival at the end of the Roman Period in north-western Europe

Lambert

Penaud²,

Vidal³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The Holocene period (last 11,700 years BP) has been marked by significant climate variability over decadal to millennial timescales. The underlying mechanisms are still being debated, despite ocean–atmosphere–land connections put forward in many paleo-studies. Among the main drivers, involving a cluster of spectral signatures and shaping the climate of north-western Europe, are solar activity, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) varying atmospheric regimes and North Atlantic oceanic gyre dynamics. Over the last 2500 years BP, paleo-environmental signals have been strongly affected by anthropogenic activities through deforestation and land use for crops, grazing, habitations, or access to resources. Palynological proxies (especially pollen grains and marine or freshwater microalgae) help to highlight such anthropogenic imprints over natural variability. Palynological analyses conducted in a macro-estuarine sedimentary environment of north-western France over the last 2500 years BP reveal a huge and atypical 300 year-long arboreal increase between 1700 and 1400 years BP (around 250 and 550 years AD) that we refer to as the ‘1.7–1.4 ka Arboreal Pollen rise event’ or ‘1.7–1.4 ka AP event’. Interestingly, the climatic 1700–1200 years BP interval coincides with evidence for the withdrawal of coastal societies in Brittany (NW France), in an unfavourable socio-economic context. We suggest that subpolar North Atlantic gyre strengthening and related increasing recurrence of storminess extremes may have affected long-term coastal anthropogenic trajectories resulting in a local collapse of coastal agrarian societies, partly forced by climatic degradation at the end of the Roman Period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Striking forest revival at the end of the Roman Period in north-western Europe

Lambert

Penaud²,

Vidal³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The introduction of Juglans in the Armorican Domain, especially in the southern part of the region, indicates commercial practices, especially by the Venetii tribe. An early introduction, since the late Mesolithic period (8700 cal BP), of Juglans is suggested by several authors (Barbier and Visset, 1997;Visset et al, 2002), while it is commonly recognized that this taxon was introduced by Romans (Pitte, 1986) ( Fig. 5).…”

Section: Land Use From Bronze Age To Middle Agesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Climate variability and storm impacts as major drivers for human coastal marsh withdrawal over the Neolithic period (Southern Brittany, NW France)

Fernane

Penaud

Gandouin

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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International audienceRelationships between climate variations, vegetation dynamics, and early human activities during the Neolithic have been reconstructed from high-resolution pollen and foraminiferal records obtained from cores retrieved from coastal wetland located in southern Brittany (Guidel, NW France). Our data show that the area around Guidel corresponded to a dense temperate forest locally replaced by riparian forest in the marsh, without any human disturbance during the early Neolithic. During the mid-Neolithic, between 6500 and 5500 cal years BP, the first episode of probable human settlement is recorded, as suggested by the increase of anthropogenic plants. This early record of human impact is consistent with archeological studies that find a high concentration of funeral monuments around Guidel during this cultural period. This complex first phase is interrupted by the disappearance of anthropogenic influence coinciding with a cold/humid climate period in the region characterized by recurrent major storms. Then, at the transition between the middle to late Neolithic, at 5500 cal years BP, a second phase of human retreat is signaled by both vegetation dynamics and archeological records; this interval also coincides with a climatic deterioration marked by cold/humid conditions recorded in the region (Sorrel et al., 2012). The results of the present study imply that human settlement/departure over the Neolithic was probably influenced by climatic variations. During the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Middle Ages, a progressive decline of the arboreal forest synchronous with an increase of anthropogenic plants, confirms the high and persistent human activity around the site. Furthermore, our results at Guidel suggest a different anthropogenic trend recorded between north and south Brittany. The human impact is well recorded during the Neolithic at Guidel, while in northern Brittany human settlement is not recorded before the Bronze Age, consistent with existing archeological data. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

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“…As Behre (1992) and Barbier and Visset (1997) have recently pointed out, the presence of rye as well as of walnut in the temperate zones of Europe before the Roman period can no longer be ruled out. In the case of this and subsequent HIP phases, the presence of cereal pollen is important because apophytes such as P. lanceolata or Artemisia have now more or less continuous pollen curves with only weak fluctuations.…”

Section: Human Impact In a Late Colonized Mountain Region With Specimentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term human impact as registered in an upland pollen profile from the southern Black Forest, south-western Germany

Rösch

2000

Veget Hist Archaebot

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Abstract.A detailed, HC-dated, pollen profile from Steerenmoos, a raised bog in the uplands of the southern Black Forest (Schwarzwald) is presented. The Late-glacial and early Holoeene vegetation history conforms to the known pattern of forest dynamics for that region. At ca. 6100 cal. B.P., Abies replaced the mixed oak forest, which is in contrast to adjacer~t regions where Fagus spread before Abies. From the Subboreal onwards, Fagus expanded and slowly largely replaced Abies. The mire developed from a fen to a raised bog. The mountain pine (Pinus mugo ssp. rotundata) on the present-day bog surface is a result of medieval burning, Cereal pollen are first recorded in the Neolithic (7600 cal. B.P.) and there is a closed curve for Plantago lanceolata a good indicator of human impact -since the Bronze Age (4000 cal. B.P.). On the basis of the cereal pollen record nine human impact phases (HIP) are described. HIP 1 and 2, which are short, date to ca. 7600 and 6700 cal. B.P., respectively, in a mixed oak forest context and are characterized by declines in Corylus, Tilia, Ulmus and by Salix (but no major deforestation) and peaks in charcoal and loss-on-ignition curves. HIP 3 and 4, which are short and weak, date to ca. 6000 and 5300 cal. B.P., respectively, and occur in the context of an Abies alba forest. The Bronze Age and Iron Age HiPs 5-7 are more intense and of longer duration than the Neolithic phases and result in a decline in Abies and an increase in Fagus. The early.medieval HIP 8, although rather weak, probably finds expression also in an archaeological artefact, namely a dug-out boat from the near-by Schluchsee. Finally, the late Medieval HIP 9 resulted in a major transformation in the landscape. It is argued that the earlier HIPs are not a reflection of distant events in the lowland valleys of the Rhine, Danube or Neckar but reflect more or less local developments.

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Logn�, a peat bog of European ecological interest in the Massif Armorican, Western France: Bog development, vegetation and land-use history

Abstract: Logn(, one of three raised bogs (Hochmoor)

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Striking forest revival at the end of the Roman Period in north-western Europe

Striking forest revival at the end of the Roman Period in north-western Europe

Climate variability and storm impacts as major drivers for human coastal marsh withdrawal over the Neolithic period (Southern Brittany, NW France)

Long-term human impact as registered in an upland pollen profile from the southern Black Forest, south-western Germany

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