“…Since they are facing challenges to make firms’ profits or market shares as large as possible, the LSPs have to make reasonable decisions in their strategic and operations management under the complex marketing environment, including operational decisions (such as vehicle loading or dispatching, shipment, and warehouse routines), tactical decisions (such as resource planning and transportation planning), strategic decisions (such as the level of investment, the total cost of transportation and storage and service level) (Chen, 2008; SteadieSeifi, 2011; Ghiani et al , 2004; Park and Min, 2017).…”