Logics for Commonsense Reasoning

Mueller, Erik T.

doi:10.1016/b978-012369388-4/50072-2

Cited by 98 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…The rules are formalised with the use of a dialect of the Situation Calculus [52], an implementation of which supports the tasks of planning and narrative assimilation. (A comparison of the Situation Calculus and the action formalisms C + and EC, used for commitment protocol specification, may be found in [51], for example.) Fox and colleagues identify and represent several normative relations of the members of an organisation, such as obligation, authority and empowerment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colombetti and colleagues have very recently [26] employed a dialect of EC to express commitment protocols and a SAT-based implementation [51] to execute these protocols. However, the computation of the supported tasks -narrative assimilation and planning -is inefficient because the complete protocol history is recorded in the protocol states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executable specification of open multi-agent systems

Artikis

Sergot

2009

Logic Journal of IGPL

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Abstract. Multi-agent systems where the agents are developed by parties with competing interests, and where there is no access to an agent's internal state, are often classified as 'open'. The members of such systems may inadvertently fail to, or even deliberately choose not to, conform to the system specification. Consequently, it is necessary to specify the normative relations that may exist between the members, such as permission, obligation, and institutional power. We present a framework being developed for executable specification of open multi-agent systems. We adopt a bird's eye view of these systems, as opposed to an agent's perspective whereby it reasons about how it should act. This paper is devoted to the presentation of various examples from the NetBill protocol formalised in terms of institutional power, permission and obligation. We express the system specification in the Event Calculus and execute the specification by means of a logic programming implementation. We also give several example formalisations of sanctions for dealing with violations of permissions and obligations. We distinguish between an open multi-agent system and the procedure by which an agent enters and leaves the system. We present examples from the specification of a role-management protocol for NetBill, and demonstrate the interplay between such a protocol and the corresponding multi-agent system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executable specification of open multi-agent systems

Artikis

Sergot

2009

Logic Journal of IGPL

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“…The Discrete Event Calculus [13] offers simple default reasoning about time using circumscription, which however allows for default conclusions with circular justifications. Action language C+ [5] provides the default statements we have seen in the introduction, which however have an underlying intuition that is different from ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…along with ¬Dir (L, A, s, t) for all fluent literals L and actions A without direct effect statement, ¬Ind (L, s, t) for all fluent literals L and (11)(12)(13)(14). The initial state axioms Ω become {Holds(Locked, ε), ¬Holds(Jammed, ε), ¬Holds(Swiped, ε)}.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Language for Default Reasoning about Actions

Straß

Thielscher

2012

Correct Reasoning

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Abstract. Action languages allow for a concise representation of actions and their effects while at the same time being easily readable and writable for humans. In this paper, we introduce D, the first action language that centres around default reasoning about actions and change. It allows to specify normal Reiter-style defaults and provides a semantics that has at its core the groundedness of conclusions. This is not only of use for default conclusions, but also for D's solution to the ramification problem. Additionally, our language does not suffer from Yale Shootinglike counterexamples since it uses different mechanisms for default persistence and default change. The answer set programming paradigm is used as the basis of D's implementation, which we prove sound and complete with respect to the language's semantics. We finally present a showcase application for the language: its straightforward solution to the qualification problem.

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“…A comparison of the Event Calculus (EC) and the C + language, that were used for expressing commitment protocols, and a comparison of EC and the Situation Calculus, employed by Fox and colleagues for enterprise modelling, may be found in [35], for example. (See [2] for a comparison of EC and C + with respect to specifying OAS.)…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifying Open Agent Systems: A Survey

Artikis

Pitt

2009

Engineering Societies in the Agents World IX

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Abstract. Electronic markets, dispute resolution and negotiation protocols are three types of application domain that can be viewed as open agent systems. Members of such systems are developed by different parties and have conflicting goals. Consequently, they may choose not to, or simply fail to, conform to the norms governing their interactions. It has been argued that many practical applications in the future will be realised in terms of open agent systems of this sort. Not surprisingly, recently there is a growing interest in open systems. In this paper we review and compare four approaches for the specification of open systems, pointing out the extent to which they satisfy a set of requirements identified in the literature.

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Logics for Commonsense Reasoning

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

Executable specification of open multi-agent systems

Executable specification of open multi-agent systems

A Language for Default Reasoning about Actions

Specifying Open Agent Systems: A Survey

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