Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS): Intelligence for the IoT

Abstract

The widespread diffusion of low-cost computing devices, such as Arduino boards and Raspberry Pi, along with improvements on Cloud computing platforms, are paving the way towards a whole new set of opportunities for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services. Varying degrees of intelligence are often required for supporting adaptation and selfmanagement-yet, they should be provided in a lightweight , easy to use and customise, highly-interoperable way. Accordingly, in this paper we explore the idea of Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) as a novel and promising re-interpretation of distributed logic programming in the IoT era. After introducing the reference context and motivating scenarios of LPaaS as a key enabling technology for intelligent IoT, we define the LPaaS general system architecture. Then, we present a prototype implementation built on top of the tuProlog system, which provides the required interoperability and customisation. We showcase the LPaaS potential through a case study designed as a simplification of the motivating scenarios.

LPaaS as Micro-Intelligence: Enhancing IoT with Symbolic Reasoning

“…A prototype implementation of LPaaS as a RESTful Web Service was provided in accordance with the REST API discussed above, showing the effectiveness of LPaaS in supporting REST and distributing situated intelligence. A full discussion on the case studies implemented exploiting the LPaaS RESTful Web Service is presented in reference [19].…”

“…For this purpose, we re-interpret LP from the service perspective as a means of spreading intelligence in a pervasive IoT system. LPaaS [19] was, in fact, specifically designed to enable and take advantage of situatedness-the property of making computations sensitive to the local context-for the target application context, so that it is possible to reason efficiently for data that are local to situated components. Not by chance, situatedness is a crucial feature for most IoT applications-although it is not always explicitly acknowledged, but comes as a consequence of context-awareness.…”

“…For the reason above, we discuss Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) [19] both as an enabling technology and in terms of the way it is developed, and advocate its role as a provider of symbolic reasoning techniques in IoT scenarios, complementing non-symbolic ones. To this end, we move from the LPaaS re-interpretation of distributed logic programming [20] in the IoT era, which re-casts logic programming as a microservice that is easily deployable in compliance with the current agile software development and continuous delivery best practices.…”

A Declarative Goal-oriented Framework for Smart Environments with LPaaS

“…domestic robot assistants, smart kitchens to handle food supply based on user preferences, reasoning in sensor networks. Particularly, [17] shows how LPaaS is well-suited for smart IoT applications and complex wireless networks, thanks to its high interoperability and customisation.…”

Micraspis: A Computer-Aided Proposal Toward Programming and Architecting Smart IoT Wearables

“…General underpinning for IoT programming ranges from access control [23], the model-view-controller pattern [24], logic programming [25], script writing [26], flow-based programming [27], [28], to visual programming [29], [30]. Model-based engineering in this realm either target IoT heterogeneous objects [16], [31], mission-critical IoT systems [32], architecture and concepts [33] or propose an extension to proven object-orientation standards to cover certain IoT domains [17], [34]- [36].…”