Logging Roads in Tropical Forests: Synthesis of Literature Written in French and English Highlights Environmental Impact Reduction Through Improved Engineering

Kleinschroth, Fritz; Gourlet‐Fleury, Sylvie; Gond, Valéry; Sist, Plínio; Healey, John R.

doi:10.19182/bft2016.328.a31299

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…, Kleinschroth et al . ) proved to be particularly useful in identifying additional publications. All these references were added to our existing literature data base (see data availability statement below), covering 1100 publications related to road ecology and tropical forest management.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These selected papers led to further sources through backward tracking (based on their reference lists) and forward tracking (based on subsequent papers in which they have been cited). Other reviews on related subjects , Hawthorne et al 2011, Picard et al 2012, Kleinschroth et al 2016a proved to be particularly useful in identifying additional publications. All these references were added to our existing literature data base (see data availability statement below), covering 1100 publications related to road ecology and tropical forest management.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, investment in road construction and management depends on the capital of logging companies (Gaveau et al 2009). Best practice engineering guidelines for logging road construction in tropical forests have been published since the 1950s (reviewed by Kleinschroth et al 2016a). There have been few notable developments in road engineering over this period, despite increased concern about the need to reduce negative environmental impacts.…”

Section: Road Planning As a Component Of Sustainable Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of logging roads on tropical forests

2017

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Road networks are expanding in tropical countries, increasing human access to remote forests that act as refuges for biodiversity and provide globally important ecosystem services. Logging is one of the main drivers of road construction in tropical forests. We evaluated forest fragmentation and impacts of logging roads on forest resilience and wildlife, considering the full life cycle of logging roads. Through an extensive evidence review we found that for logging road construction, corridors between 3 and 66 m (median 20 m) width are cleared, leading to a loss of 0.6–8.0 percent (median 1.7%) of forest cover. More severe impacts are increased fire incidence, soil erosion, landslides, and sediment accumulation in streams. Once opened, logging roads potentially allow continued access to the forest interior, which can lead to biological invasions, increased hunting pressure, and proliferation of swidden agriculture. Some roads, initially built for logging, become converted to permanent, public roads with subsequent in‐migration and conversion of forest to agriculture. Most logging roads, however, are abandoned to vegetation recovery. Given the far‐reaching impacts of the roads that become conduits for human access, its control after the end of logging operations is crucial. Strategic landscape planning should design road networks that concentrate efficient forest exploitation and conserve roadless areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Road Planning As a Component Of Sustainable Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of logging roads on tropical forests

2017

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“…Here, remotely sensed information needs to go hand in hand with field-based species inventories and, for example, carbon-emissionbased logging impact baselines (Pearson et al 2014). Detailed maps would allow for further improvement of certified forest management based on the principles of reduced impact logging (Putz et al 2012), including setasides from exploitation and engineering measures to mitigate road-building impacts (Kleinschroth et al 2016b). Smart road network designs should keep the core of tropical forests free from permanent roads.…”

Section: Reconciling Strategies For Landscape-scale Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling certification and intact forest landscape conservation

Kleinschroth

García

Ghazoul

2018

Ambio

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In 2014, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) added a new criterion to its principles that requires protection of intact forest landscapes (IFLs). An IFL is an extensive area of forest that lacks roads and other signs of human activity as detected through remote sensing. In the Congo basin, our analysis of road networks in formally approved concessionary logging areas revealed greater loss of IFL in certified than in noncertified concessions. In areas of informal (i.e., nonregulated) extraction, road networks are known to be less detectable by remote sensing. Under the current definition of IFL, companies certified under FSC standards are likely to be penalized relative to the noncertified as well as the informal logging sector on account of their planned road networks, despite an otherwise better standard of forest management. This could ultimately undermine certification and its wider adoption, with implications for the future of sustainable forest management.

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“…Outro fator que pode ser considerado é a eliminação de carreadores que margeiam áreas de vegetação nativa, destinando-os para o aumento das áreas de cultivo que podem atuar como uma barreira aos efeitos de borda ou aumento das áreas de preservação. Além de aumentar as áreas conservadas, a eliminação deste tipo de carreador iria diminuir os gastos com manutenção de estradas, limitar a influência de veículos que, pelo barulho, interferem na fauna potencialmente presente nestes fragmentos e dificultar o acesso de caçadores (KLEINSCHROTH et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resposta Da Diversidade Funcional De Aves à Estrutura Da Paiunclassified

Resposta da assembleia de aves ao planejamento da paisagem em florestas plantadas

Melo¹

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How to expand the supply of ecosystem services in agricultural production areas has been a very current debate, as protected areas do not seem to be sufficient to ensure, for example, the conservation of biodiversity. Birds, for example, are one of biological communities affected by the production which respond rapidly to changes in the landscape. This study aimed to understand how landscape planning of fast growing planted forests can influence bird assembly functional diversity. Therefore, landscapes composed by eucalyptus plantations located at Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, were organized into Landscape Planning Units (UPP). Secondary data from bird surveys conducted from 2005 to 2010 were used. Bird species were characterized into four functional traits: trophic guild, forage extract, habitat and average body mass. Three independent metrics were then calculated to represent functional diversity: functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv). In order to obtain landscape metrics it was used the 2010 land-use map. Based on this map, the diversity of clones (IDCL) and ages (IDID) of forest plantation were calculated, and, for conservation areas, diversity of vegetation typologies (IDNAT), proportion of areas intended for conservation (IPANP), edge density (IDBRD), proportion of nuclear area (IPAC), proximity to native vegetation (IPNAT) and ecological importance value (IVAN). Subsequently, correlation analysis and simple linear regression were applied to these two groups of variables (functional diversity and landscape metrics). Birds surveys registered 218 species and 3455 individuals. The insectivores were the most expressive individuals for the trophic guild. For the forage stratum trait, canopy individuals were the most abundant and forest habitat birds predominated at studied landscapes. A significant relationship was found between the rates of functional diversity of birds and at least one of the landscape metrics. Thus, IPAC was directly related to diversity of functions performed by the bird assembly in the landscape (FRic). IDNAT was negatively related to FEve, indicating that a greater diversity of conservation areas provides a disproportionate variety of functions and abundances in the bird assembly Also, bird assemblages are more divergent (FDiv), having less competition for resources, when the forest fragments are structured connected (IPNAT) and have greater ecological importance (IVAN). In this context, components of bird assembly functional diversity are influenced by the landscape structure in matrix composed by fast-growing planted forests, and, actions that enhance birds functional diversity should be given at the landscape scale in order to keep production and conservation present in the same complex landscape unit.

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Logging Roads in Tropical Forests: Synthesis of Literature Written in French and English Highlights Environmental Impact Reduction Through Improved Engineering

Cited by 9 publications

References 92 publications

Impacts of logging roads on tropical forests

Impacts of logging roads on tropical forests

Reconciling certification and intact forest landscape conservation

Resposta da assembleia de aves ao planejamento da paisagem em florestas plantadas

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