Log-growth rates of CO2: An empirical analysis

Peña, Guillermo; Puente‐Ajovín, Miguel; Ramos, Arturo; Sanz‐Gracia, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126550

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The sign of the drift term is indefinite on this occasion. This is related to the results of Campolieti and Ramos (2021); Peña et al (2022).…”

Section: Doubly Truncated Data Sets and Distributionssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Also, the mixtures considered in this paper, when taken as time-dependent ones, can be shown to be solutions of a Fokker-Planck equation with constant diffusion term as described in the introduction of this paper, following the lines of Campolieti and Ramos (2021); Peña et al (2022). We defer the use of such newly introduced solutions in simulating or forecasting to another paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a more recent reference on the subject that sheds light on a fact known after Dupire (Dupire, 1993(Dupire, , 1994 but somehow overlooked in the literature that many probability density functions can be obtained in that way. In fact, following Peña et al (2022), let y = ln(x) be the logarithm of the firm's sales variable x > 0. We assume that its evolution or dynamics is governed by the Itô differential equation (see, e.g., Ord (1974); Gardiner (2004))…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composite distributions in the social sciences: A comparative empirical study of firms' sales distribution for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain

Ramos¹,

Massing²,

Ishikawa³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We study 17 different statistical distributions for sizes obtained from the classical and recent literature to describe a relevant variable in the social sciences and Economics, namely the firms' sales distribution in six countries over an ample period. We find that the best results are obtained with mixtures of lognormal (LN), loglogistic (LL), and log Student's t (LSt) distributions. The single lognormal, in turn, is strongly not selected. We then

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“…The sign of the drift term is indefinite on this occasion. This is related to the results of Campolieti and Ramos (2021); Peña et al (2022).…”

Section: Doubly Truncated Data Sets and Distributionssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Composite distributions in the social sciences: A comparative empirical study of firms' sales distribution for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain

Ramos¹,

Massing²,

Ishikawa³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On aggregate, these amounted to 5% emission reductions over the first commitment period (2008-2012) compared to 1990. Despite early criticisms, most scholars concluded that emission reduction obligations under the Kyoto Protocol had a positive, statistically significant impact on CO 2 /GHG emission reductions in the Annex B countries that ratified with targets under the treaty (i.e., industrialized countries, minus the United States and Canada), or globally (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69).…”

Section: International Treaties On Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Three Decades of Climate Mitigation Policy: What Has It Delivered?

Hoppe,

Hinder,

Rafaty

et al. 2023

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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After tentative efforts during the 1990s, the past two decades have seen a rapid increase in the number of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation policies, initially in a few frontrunner countries and more recently spreading globally. Over the same period, GHG emissions have continued to rise, but the rate of growth has recently slowed. Are mitigation policies having an effect? To explore this question, we review and synthesize the empirical literature on the impact of mitigation policies on three key outcomes: GHG emissions, proximate emission drivers like energy intensity and land use, and low-carbon technologies. Our key contribution to the available literature lies in establishing an empirically based track record of climate action, focusing on methodologically sound ex post studies. We find that mitigation policies have had a discernible impact on emissions and multiple emission drivers. Most notably, they have led to reductions in energy use, declines in deforestation rates, as well as cost-reductions and capacity expansions of low-carbon technologies in many instances. Furthermore, implemented policies to date are likely to have reduced global emissions by several billion tons of CO2eq per year compared to a world without mitigation policies. In the light of current ambitions on climate action falling short of what is required to limit global warming to the Paris temperature goals, we conclude that there is ample evidence of policy instruments with demonstrable impacts, but that efforts need to be hugely strengthened and expanded. Also, far more attention is required to policy monitoring, evaluation, and learning so as to strengthen the basis for future policy and the attribution of its impacts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 48 is October 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Many processes follow the power law over large magnitude of values. Recent examples are the distribution of stock returns [ 24 ], income [ 25 , 26 ], wealth of world billionaires [ 27 ], persisters-antibiotic-tolerant cells [ 28 ], duration size of unhealthy air pollution events [ 29 ], tourism recommendations [ 30 ], cumulative coal production [ 31 ], agricultural land size [ 32 ], rates of wetland loss [ 18 ], union size [ 33 ], strike size [ 34 ] and growth rate of CO 2 [ 35 ]. Popular alternatives to the power law distribution are the lognormal, stretched exponential, and Fréchet distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time series and power law analysis of crop yield in some east African countries

2023

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We carry out a time series analysis on the yearly crop yield data in six east African countries (Burundi, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda) using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. We describe the upper tail of the yearly crop yield data in those countries using the power law, lognormal, Fréchet and stretched exponential distributions. The forecast of the fitted ARIMA models suggests that the majority of the crops in different countries will experience neither an increase nor a decrease in yield from 2019 to 2028. A few exceptional cases correspond to significant increase in the yield of sorghum and coffee in Burundi and Rwanda, respectively, and significant decrease in the yield of beans in Burundi, Kenya and Rwanda. Based on Vuong’s similarity test p–value, we find that the power law distribution captured the upper tails of yield distribution better than other distributions with just one exceptional case in Uganda, suggesting that these crops have the tendency for producing high yield. We find that only sugar cane in Somalia and sweet potato in Tanzania have the potential of producing extremely high yield. We describe the yield behaviour of these two crops as black swan, where the “rich getting richer” or the “preferential attachment” could be the underlying generating process. Other crops in Burundi, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda can only produce high but not extremely high yields. Various climate adaptation/smart strategies (use of short-duration pigeon pea varieties, use of cassava mosaic disease resistant cassava varieties, use of improved maize varieties, intensive manuring with a combination of green and poultry manure, early planting, etc) that could be adapted to increase yields in east Africa are suggested. The paper could be useful for future agricultural planning and rates calibration in crop risk insurance.

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Log-growth rates of CO2: An empirical analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Composite distributions in the social sciences: A comparative empirical study of firms' sales distribution for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain

Composite distributions in the social sciences: A comparative empirical study of firms' sales distribution for France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Spain

Three Decades of Climate Mitigation Policy: What Has It Delivered?

Time series and power law analysis of crop yield in some east African countries

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