Loess stratigraphy in Central China

Kukla, George; An, Zhisheng

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(89)90143-0

Cited by 775 publications

(522 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The main magnetozones have been successfully established from the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) obtained after systematic thermal demagnetization and removing one or two soft components of magnetization (including viscous remanent magnetization, VRM). All results (see SOM Table S3 for the detailed data) demonstrated that the loess-palaeosol sequences of our sections are comparable with those of other Chinese loess sections, e.g., Heller and Liu, 1982;Liu, 1985;Kukla and An, 1989;Rutter et al, 1991;Zheng et al, 1992;Ding et al, 2002;Govert Nugterena et al, 2004. Parallel specimens for palaeomagnetic measurements from horizons at or near the magnetozones or geomagnetic reversal boundaries, including five time measurements for the B/M boundary, five for the Jaramillo subchron, nine for the Olduvai subchron, six for the Cobb Mt.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…As shown in previous publications, the Brunhes-Matuyama (B/M) boundary (0.78 Ma) is recorded in units S7eL8, and the Jaramillo subchron (0.99e1.07 Ma) in units L10eS12. The top of the Olduvai subchron (1.77e1.95 Ma) corresponds to the top of S25 in the Luochuan and Xifeng sections (Liu, 1985;Kukla and An, 1989) and the base of L25 in the Puxian (Ding et al, 2002) and Baoji sections (Rutter et al, 1991), and in the Lantian comprehensive section (our investigations, see below). The Cobb Mt.…”

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 63%

“…The loess-palaeosol sequence is fully developed and marker layers (including S5, L9, L15 and L25) are clearly identifiable, as at other sections in the Loess Plateau. Three normal (N1, N2 and N3) and three reversed (R1, R2 and R3) polarity zones were recognized, as at other Chinese loess sections (Heller and Liu, 1982;Liu, 1985;Kukla and An, 1989;Rutter et al, 1991;Zheng et al, 1992;Ding et al, 2002). By comparison with the GPTS (Valet and Meynadier, 1993;Cande and Kent, 1995;Channell et al, 2002), N1 corresponds to the Brunhes chron, and the B/M boundary (0.78 Ma) is situated within horizons S7 to L8.…”

Section: The Jiacun (Jc) Sectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…100 m in the Lantian area (Zheng et al, 1992; This paper). Thanks to world-class investigations by Chinese and other researchers, the Loess Plateau now boasts the longest and most detailed terrestrial palaeoclimatic sequence in the world for the last 22 million years (e.g., Heller and Liu, 1982;Kukla and An, 1989;Ding and Yang, 2000;Guo et al, 2002a;Hao and Guo, 2007).…”

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conspicuous marker horizons are the tripartite S5, and the thick and silty loess layers of L1, L9, L15 and L25 (Liu, 1985;Kukla and An, 1989;Sun and Liu, 2000;Guo et al, 2002b). The palaeosol S5 is generally a mostly red and a relatively thick unit in the loess-palaeosol sequence, which was formed in the Middle Pleistocene with three intensive palaeosol subunits inter-bedded with two loess subunits, together with very fine grain-size and high magnetic susceptibility.…”

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

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New dating of the Homo erectus cranium from Lantian (Gongwangling), China

Zhu

Dennell

Huang

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 63%

Section: The Jiacun (Jc) Sectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Chinese Loess Plateau and The Loess-palaeosol Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

New dating of the Homo erectus cranium from Lantian (Gongwangling), China

Zhu

Dennell

Huang

et al. 2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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Environmental hypotheses of hominin evolution

Potts

1998

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

413

208

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The study of human evolution has long sought to explain major adaptations and trends that led to the origin of Homo sapiens. Environmental scenarios have played a pivotal role in this endeavor. They represent statements or, more commonly, assumptions concerning the adaptive context in which key hominin traits emerged. In many cases, however, these scenarios are based on very little if any data about the past settings in which early hominins lived. Several environmental hypotheses of human evolution are presented in this paper. Explicit test expectations are laid out, and a preliminary assessment of the hypotheses is made by examining the environmental records of Olduvai, Turkana, Olorgesailie, Zhoukoudian, Combe Grenal, and other hominin localities. Habitat-specific hypotheses have prevailed in almost all previous accounts of human adaptive history. The rise of African dry savanna is often cited as the critical event behind the development of terrestrial bipedality, stone toolmaking, and encephalized brains, among other traits. This savanna hypothesis has been countered recently by the woodland/forest hypothesis, which claims that Pliocene hominins had evolved in and were primarily attracted to closed habitats. The ideas that human evolution was fostered by cold habitats in higher latitudes or by seasonal variations in tropical and temperate zones also have their proponents. An alternative view, the variability selection hypothesis, states that large disparities in environmental conditions were responsible for important episodes of adaptive evolution. The resulting adaptations enhanced behavioral versatility and ultimately ecological diversity in the human lineage. Global environmental records for the late Cenozoic and specific records at hominin sites show the following: 1) early human habitats were subject to large-scale remodeling over time; 2) the evidence for environmental instability does not support habitat-specific explanations of key adaptive changes; 3) the range of environmental change over time was more extensive and the tempo far more prolonged than allowed by the seasonality hypothesis; and 4) the variability selection hypothesis is strongly supported by the persistence of hominins through long sequences of environmental remodeling and the origin of important adaptations in periods of wide habitat diversity. Early bipedality, stone transport, diversification of artifact contexts, encephalization, and enhanced cognitive and social functioning all may reflect adaptations to environmental novelty and highly varying selective contexts.

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