Lodging in Wheat, Barley, and Oats: The Phenomenon, its Causes, and Preventive Measures

Morpho-anatomical traits of two lowest internodes related to lodging resistance in selected genotypes of Triticum

“…Lodging of cereal plants poses a serious problem in agricultural production, and it has been analyzed extensively in numerous review articles (Berry et al, 2004;2007;Pinthus, 1973). Buckling of lower internodes (stem lodging) is commonly observed in wheat, barley, and oats due to differences in the weight and strength of upper and lower internodes of the stem.…”

“…Lodging is defined as irreversible buckling of plant stems away from the vertical position (Pinthus, 1973). Three types of lodging are defined in the literature: root lodging caused by weak root structure, stem lodging caused by buckling of lower internodes due to differences in weight and strength between the upper and lower internodes of the stem, buckling of the middle internodes, commonly known as brackling, and buckling of the peduncle directly below the ear, commonly referred to as necking (Berry et al, 2004;Ruebenbauer, 1964).…”

“…Lodging creates unfavourable conditions for growth by limiting light and air access, obstructing assimilation and respiration, and contributing to proliferation of pathogens. The above factors lower the quantity and quality of cereal crops and make harvest more difficult (Berry et al, 2004;Pinthus, 1973).…”

Influence of wheat populations arrangement on growth characteristics and grain yield

“…The plants height is an important feature for wheat crop, once it is directly linked with plant lodging (Pinthus, 1973). In the current experiment lodging was not observed on wheat cultivars, as a consequence of mild weather without strong winds and cultivars of medium height, the effects of plant height in the lodging could not be evaluated (Figure 1).…”

Effect of dose and timing of application of different plant growth regulators on lodging and grain yield of a Scottish landrace of barley (Bere) in Orkney, Scotland

“…However, farmers are concerned about Bere's susceptibility to lodging due to its long and weak straw (Martin et al, 2010). Severe lodging can interfere with the speed and efficiency of harvesting operations (Tripathi et al, 2003) and, most importantly, it can cause significant economic losses by reducing grain yield (GY) (Pinthus, 1973) and grain quality of barley (Stanca et al, 1979;Birggs, 1990). In order to avoid lodging related negative effects on harvesting and grain yield, Bere is presently grown with no or low nitrogen inputs (30 kg N ha -1 ) on marginal land in Orkney (Dr. Peter Martin, personal comm.).…”