Lodgepole pine regeneration in an old, self-perpetuating forest in south central Oregon

Stuart, John D.; Agee, James K.; Gara, R. I.

doi:10.1139/x90-035

Cited by 12 publications

(32 citation statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stands with high tree mortality due to drought and insects often are presumed to burn at higher severity during fires, increasing the mortality of dominant overstory vegetation in the stand [10,11]. This assumption is based on expectations of greater dead fine and coarse fuel loads, including canopy fuels, resulting from pre-fire mortality [11]. The hypothesis that insect-caused tree mortality increases fire severity has relied upon two principal assumptions: (1) dead needles remaining on trees could increase the amount and vertical continuity of fine, dry fuels [11,12]; and (2) tree mortality could open the canopy and intensify seasonal desiccation of understory fuels [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Pre-Fire Tree Mortality on Fire Severity in Conifer Forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, California

Bond¹,

Lee²,

Bradley³

et al. 2009

TOFSCIJ

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High tree mortality due to drought and insects often is assumed to increase fire severity once ignition occurs. In 2002-2003, coniferous forests in the San Bernardino Mountains, California experienced a significant tree mortality event due to drought and an outbreak of western pine beetles (Dendroctonus brevicomis). In October 2003, fire burned approximately 5,860 ha of conifer forest types in many beetle-and drought-affected stands where most pre-fire dead trees had retained needles. We used pre-and post-fire GIS data to examine how fire severity was affected by pre-fire tree mortality, vegetation characteristics, and topography. We found no evidence that pre-fire tree mortality influenced fire severity. These results indicate that widespread removal of dead trees may not effectively reduce higher-severity fire in southern California's conifer forests. We found that sample locations dominated by the largest size class of trees (>61 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) burned at lower severities than locations dominated by trees 28-60 cm dbh. This result suggests that harvesting larger-sized trees for fire-severity reduction purposes is likely to be ineffective and possibly counter-productive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pre-Fire Tree Mortality on Fire Severity in Conifer Forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, California

Bond¹,

Lee²,

Bradley³

et al. 2009

TOFSCIJ

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“…In this way, the relative importance of facilitative and competitive interactions, and how those factors vary with interannual and larger-scale climate variation, community structure, and plant life stage, is learned. Stuart et al (1989) Dyrness 1988, Stuart et al 1989), there is a lack of research into nurse plant and object facilitation in self-replacing lodgepole pine stands.…”

Section: Soil Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shallow root structure allows colonization in thin soils, but, combined with thin bark, makes lodgepole pine susceptible to scorch and fire-related mortality (Minore 1979). Although individual trees can live for more than 350 years (Stuart et al 1989), in most systems fire and other disturbance agents maintain younger stands (Agee 1993). Plentiful annual to biannual seeding and the ability to produce serotinous cones allow lodgepole pine to persist in fire-prone environments (Tackle 1961, Critchfield 1980.…”

Section: Lodgepole Pine Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where it pioneers aggressively (Moir 1969, Brown 1975. Light levels in tree-fall gaps support small-scale regeneration events in harsh environments where interspecific competition is not a confounding factor (Parker 1986, Stuart et al 1989. Lodgepole pine persist at the extremes of other coniferous species' tolerances in shallow, rocky, nutrient-poor, acidic soils in areas with limiting diurnal soil temperature fluctuations or growing season (Lotan and Perry 1983).…”

Section: Shade Intolerance Limits Lodgepole Pine Regeneration To Openmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regeneration Patterns and Facilitation Following Blowdown in a Self- Replacing Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) Stand in Central Oregon

Karps¹

2000

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Nurse plant and object facilitation is an important factor mitigating abiotic stress, improving seedling recruitment, and shaping the fine-scale spatial patterns of many plant communities. I investigate the role of facilitation on lodgepole pine regeneration following blowdown in central Oregon. My objective is to examine the importance of nurse objects on seedling recruitment under varying stand conditions. I base my analysis on 1) the mapped locations and attributes of seedlings, saplings, trees, shrubs, snags, stumps, and sound and decomposed logs in each of five, 500 m 2 circular plots, 2) water holding capacity estimates of woody and leafy litter and pumice soil, and 3) growing-season air temperatures. My analysis identifies seedling patterns at multiple spatial scales (~0-8 m) using nearest neighbor and Ripley's K statistics and identifies differences in canopy structure, seedling development, and temperature using non-parametric rank-sum tests. My results show blowdown severity varies with pre-disturbance stand structure, resulting in a multi-modal stand structure with a wide range of canopy and

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Snagfall the first decade after severe bark beetle infestation of high‐elevation forests in Colorado, USA

Rhoades

Hubbard

Hood

et al. 2020

Ecological Applications

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The persistence and fall rate of snags (standing dead trees) generated during bark beetle outbreaks have consequences for the behavior, effects, and suppression of potential wildfires, hazard tree and timber salvage operations, wildlife habitat, and numerous ecosystem processes. However, post‐beetle snagfall dynamics are poorly understood in most forest types. We tagged standing live and dead lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), including beetle‐killed pine snags following the peak of a recent mountain pine bark beetle outbreak in watersheds at the Fraser Experimental Forest in northcentral Colorado and sampled snagfall 10 and 12 years later. Bark beetle attacks began in 2003, peaked by 2006, and killed 78% of overstory lodgepole pine in 133 plots distributed across a range of stand and site conditions. Of those snags, only 17% fell between 2007 and 2018. Most snags broke at ground level, due to butt rot, and were oriented downhill. In contrast, snags that tipped up or snapped off above the ground were oriented with the prevailing winds. Equal numbers of snags fell singly and in multiple‐tree groups, and equal numbers remained elevated rather than in contact with the ground. Lodgepole pine snagfall was 1.6‐times higher on steep slopes (>40%) where dead pine density was higher, compared to flatter sites. Based on our findings and previous research, we estimate that one‐half the beetle‐killed lodgepole pine in high‐elevation forests such as those at Fraser may fall within 15–20 yr of beetle infestation, but that some pine snags are likely to persist for decades longer. Post‐outbreak snagfall dynamics create a multiple‐decade legacy of bark beetle outbreaks that will persist longer in high‐elevation compared to lower‐elevation forests.

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Lodgepole pine regeneration in an old, self-perpetuating forest in south central Oregon

Abstract: not available

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Pre-Fire Tree Mortality on Fire Severity in Conifer Forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, California

Influence of Pre-Fire Tree Mortality on Fire Severity in Conifer Forests of the San Bernardino Mountains, California

Regeneration Patterns and Facilitation Following Blowdown in a Self- Replacing Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) Stand in Central Oregon

Snagfall the first decade after severe bark beetle infestation of high‐elevation forests in Colorado, USA

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