Locusts and Grasshoppers: Behavior, Ecology, and Biogeography

Latchininsky, Alexandre V.; Sword, Gregory A.; Сергеев, М. Г.; Cigliano, Marı́a Marta; Lecoq, Michel

doi:10.1155/2011/578327

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Chorthippus parallelus consumes 2% of net primary production, but wastes 8%; Ingrisch and Köhler 1998). Orthoptera are also particularly important in food chains (Latchininsky et al 2011), as prey for spiders and avian predators, for example. From an assessment of the status of European Orthoptera, 555 species (51.3%) were found in grassland, underlying the importance of the habitat (Hochkirch et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grazing and Orthoptera: a review

Gardiner¹

2018

JOR

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Orthoptera are an important biological component of grasslands as a crucial link in the food chain. Grazing, either by wild animals or livestock for human food production, exerts considerable influence on the Orthoptera of grasslands. For example, grazing prevents succession of open grasslands to scrub and forest, creates heterogeneity in sward height, and provides patches of bare earth through the action of livestock hooves breaking the vegetative cover. Grazing may also interact with other forms of grassland management such as burning to produce quite complex interactions which vary greatly between regions and Orthoptera species. Threats to grassland Orthoptera include overgrazing; conversely, abandonment of grazing can lead to the loss of open habitats vital to many species. It is important to have ungrazed areas to provide refuges for species negatively affected by grazing. Rotational management -moving domestic livestock between different pastures -will also allow a range of sward structures to develop over a landscape. The over-arching principle for grazing management should be to establish a heterogeneous sward with a range of sward heights and bare earth for oviposition/basking. In more extensive systems, patches of scrub can form habitat of woody vegetation for species such as bush crickets. The greatest diversity of habitats should provide the highest species richness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant time and expense is invested in the control of locust outbreaks (Latchininsky et al 2011) which can have negative effects on other fauna in the grassland ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing and Orthoptera: a review

Gardiner¹

2018

JOR

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“…Locusts and grasshoppers of the family Acrididae (Orthoptera) are among the most devastating pests of pastures and crops in many parts of the World (Steedman, 1988;Latchininsky et al, 2011). Periodically there are huge increases in the local abundance of locusts, with individuals actively aggregating and forming migratory bands and swarms that are highly destructive (Uvarov, 1966(Uvarov, , 1977Belayneh, 2005;Magor et al, 2008;Sword et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structures of three Calliptamus spp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) across the Western Mediterranean Basin

Blanchet¹,

Lecoq²,

Sword³

et al. 2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. We conducted a comparative population genetic analysis of levels of genetic variation and its geographical structuring in three closely related species of grasshopper that co-occur in the Mediterranean Basin: Calliptamus italicus, C. barbarus and C. wattenwylianus. In the western part of their distributions 5 populations of C. italicus, 13 of C. barbarus and 10 of C. wattenwylianus were sampled. Bootstrap re-sampling of populations and microsatellite loci within each species indicated a lower level of genetic diversity and higher level of genetic differentiation in C. barbarus, which is less of an outbreak pest species than either of the other Calliptamus species studied. This may be due to lower effective sizes of non-outbreak populations and/or lower gene flow among them. 445C. wattenwylianus (Pantel, 1896) are syntopic across the western part of Mediterranean Basin. C. italicus and C. barbarus have the widest distributions, from the Mediterranean Basin to southern Siberia, whereas C. wattenwylianus is recorded only along the Mediterranean coasts of France, Spain, Morocco and Algeria. Morphological discrimination between the juvenile stages and adult females of these three closely related species is ambiguous, whereas adult males can be identified based on the shape of their wings and pallium (Jago, 1963;Harz, 1975). However, the three species can be easily differentiated genetically, with sequence divergences in Cytochrome Oxidase I mtDNA estimated to be over 3% (Blanchet et al., 2010b). These three species of grasshopper damage crops (COPR, 1982) and share some general ecological features, such as, a one-year generation time, a seasonal diapause, feed on grass (Poacea) (Chopard, 1951) and a moderate dispersal ability (Reinhardt et al., 2005). Given that these three species co-occur and are closely related, ecological and evolutionary factors that affect one species are likely to affect the others, therefore a comparison of these species might provide insights into the relative importance of the factors that shape genetic structuring (McCoy et al., 2005;Brouat et al., 2007).Although the three species of Calliptamus studied are closely related, ecologically similar, and syntopic, previous studies report fine-scale differences between them in terms of ecological features and neutral genetic variation (see Fig. 1). Firstly, Blanchet et al. (2012) showed that at a scale of 70 km 2 between sites in Southern France, gene flow was restricted only in C. wattenwylianus, a species thought to be relatively sedentary compared to other congeneric species (Chara, 1987). Indeed, Jago (1963) showed that C. italicus and C. barbarus have a higher wing/body length ratio, which is a reliable proxy of dispersal ability, than C. wattenwylianus. Secondly, the same fine-scale microsatellite study highlighted lower levels of genetic diversity in C. barbarus than in C. italicus and C. wattenwylianus. This result suggests that long-term effective sizes of populations of C. barbarus might be lower than those of the other s...

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“…7 Both the locusts and their nonswarming "cousins" the grasshoppers are an essential component of temperate and tropical grassland biomes worldwide, particularly in the arid regions. 8,9 At average population densities, they are beneficial for the grasslands ecosystem by stimulating plant growth, facilitating nutrient cycling, and playing vital roles in food webs. 9,10 However, from time to time they can produce devastating transcontinental plagues and become a major threat to agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locusts and remote sensing: a review

Latchininsky

2013

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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A dozen species of locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are a major threat to food security worldwide. Their outbreaks occur on every continent except Antarctica, threatening the livelihood of 10% of the world's population. The locusts are infamous for their voracity, polyphagy, and capacity for long-distance migrations. Decades of research revealed very complex bioecology of locusts. They exist in two, inter-convertible and density-dependent states, or "phases." Despite the evident progress in understanding locust behavior, our ability to predict and manage locust outbreaks remains insufficient, as evidenced by locust plagues still occurring during the 21st century. One of the main reasons is that locusts typically inhabit remote and scarcely populated areas, and their distribution ranges often spread across continents. This creates tremendous obstacles for locust population monitoring and control. Traditional ground locust surveys are inadequate to address the enormous spatial scale of the locust problem in a limited window of time dictated by the pest's development. Remote sensing (satellite information) appears a promising tool in locust monitoring. Satellite data are increasingly used for monitoring and forecasting two locust species, the desert and the Australian plague locust. However, applications of this geospatial technology to other locust species remain rare. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Locusts and Grasshoppers: Behavior, Ecology, and Biogeography

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Grazing and Orthoptera: a review

Grazing and Orthoptera: a review

Population structures of three Calliptamus spp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) across the Western Mediterranean Basin

Locusts and remote sensing: a review

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