Locus of Control of Smokers, Nonsmokers, and Nonpractising Smokers

Molloy, Geoff N; Wolstencroft, Keren; King, Neville J.; Lowe, Amelia; Gardner, Paul L.; Rowley, Glenn; Molloy, Elizabeth; Murphy, Gregory C.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.781

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Indeed, whereas cross-sectional research has found internal locus of control to be greater among ex-smokers than current smokers and individuals who have never smoked (Molloy et al, 1997), prospective research has not found internal locus of control to be a predictor of smoking cessation (Matheny & Weatherman, 1998). It is conceivable that the sense of achievement an individual experiences given her or his success at quitting smoking reinforces her or his sense of control, or omnipotence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking among young adults: Integrating adolescent cognitive egocentrism with the trans-theoretical model

Bright

McKillop

Ryder

2008

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Personal fable aspects of adolescent cognitive egocentrism reflected in individuals\u27 beliefs of omnipotence, invulnerability, and uniqueness, were examined in relation to cigarette smoking and stage of change status. A component of the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) of behaviour change, the stages of change maintain that current smokers consist of two groups – those who prefer to disregard the disincentives of smoking (pre-contemplators) and those who recognise these disincentives (contemplators). A Stages of Change Scale and the New Personal Fable Scale (NPFS) were administered to 249 university students aged 17 to 25 (M = 19.09 years, SD = 2.00). Pre-contemplative smokers had higher scores on the omnipotence subscale of the NPFS than contemplative smokers, suggesting that this personal fable could obstruct forward stage of change movement. Ex-smokers also had higher scores on the omnipotence and invulnerability subscales of the NPFS than individuals who have never smoked. Together, the findings suggest personal fable ideation is a salient smoking cessation variable and current conceptualisations of this construct need to be re-examined. Further, these results might explain the ineffectiveness of interventions underpinned by the TTM among adolescents. To extend the findings, prospective research is recommended

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking among young adults: Integrating adolescent cognitive egocentrism with the trans-theoretical model

Bright

McKillop

Ryder

2008

Australian Journal of Psychology

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“…Each item scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree) for the externally worded items and reverse scored for the internally worded items [28]. Those who have confidence that whatever happens to them is substantially within their domain of influence are said to have a predominantly internal locus of control, while those who believe that they are influenced by external forces are considered to have an external locus of control [29]. The Arabic version of the HLC was constructed and validated by Badr and Moody [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Health Beliefs among Saudi Women

Al-Eisa

Alsobayel

2012

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Background. Physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits and disease prevention and is often prescribed in managing many health conditions. Understanding the cultural influences is relevant in order to effectively promote PA. The objective of this study was to assess the level of PA among Saudi women, measured by daily step count, and the association between PA and health beliefs. Methods. A total of 161 eligible participants were asked to complete two questionnaires to assess health beliefs: Health Locus of Control (HLC) and Self-Efficacy Assessment Scale. Each participant was given a pedometer and a diary to record their daily PA for two weeks. Results. One hundred and five participants completed the two weeks pedometer data (mean age 26.3 ± 7.1 years, BMI 25 ± 4.2 kg/m2). The average pedometer score over two weeks was 5114 ± 2213 steps. Step count had strong correlation with self-efficacy (r s = 0.75), mild correlation with internal HLC (r s = 0.42), and mild negative correlation with external HLC (r s = −0.35). Conclusion. The study demonstrates high level of inactivity among Saudi females in reference to the international recommendation for minimum activity. The data also reveal an association between PA and health beliefs. Ultimately, such information can be used to design gender- and culture-sensitive interventions that could enhance adherence to PA.

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“…These studies identified that greater cigarette use and greater addiction to nicotine are related to stronger beliefs about external loci of control. While a more recent small study challenged this phenomenon regarding elevated levels of external locus of control among smokers compared to nonsmokers, others have argued that this solitary small study was too underpowered to sufficiently test for [13].…”

Section: Smoking and External Locus Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Migraine Headaches: Role of Smoking and Locus of Control

Lee

Bhowmick

Wachholtz

2020

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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The present study investigates the role of locus of control on chronic pain outcomes and quality of life impacted due to chronic migraine among female migraineurs depending on their smoking status. Two thousand adult US-based females were recruited from a well-known online migraine resource to complete a survey. Participants were required to have a chronic migraine diagnosis (ICD-9/10) to be included in the present study. ANOVA and post hoc tests were conducted to analyze the differences in the outcome across 4 different groups (smokers external locus of control, smoker internal locus of control, non-smoker external locus of control, non-smoker internal locus of control). Results showed that a higher level of external locus of control was related to increased migraine (F (4, 1999) = 173.757, p < 0.001), greater negative life impact due to migraine (F (44, 1999) = 54.224, p < 0.001), and reduced productivity at work (F (67, 1999) = 6.981, p < 0.001) and at home (F (77, 1999) = 9.859, p < 0.001) regardless participants' smoking status, though the smokers in external locus of control (ELC) group had the greatest number of mental health concerns. The current results indicate that the external control belief system negatively impacts physical health as well as quality of life of the female chronic migraineurs regardless of their smoking status. Clinicians treating female migraineurs with a lower internal sense of control over their migraines may report high levels of pain and more difficulties in their lives in general with additional elevated levels of mental health concerns among smokers in this population.

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Locus of Control of Smokers, Nonsmokers, and Nonpractising Smokers

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Cigarette smoking among young adults: Integrating adolescent cognitive egocentrism with the trans-theoretical model

Cigarette smoking among young adults: Integrating adolescent cognitive egocentrism with the trans-theoretical model

Physical Activity and Health Beliefs among Saudi Women

Chronic Migraine Headaches: Role of Smoking and Locus of Control

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