Locus of control, cognitive appraisal, and coping in stressful episodes.

Parkes, Katharine R.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.655

Cited by 368 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…A small literature in psychology shows that individuals with an internal locus of control tend to react to a problem in a more constructive manner than those with an external locus of control, such as actively looking for solutions rather than relying solely on emotional support (e.g., Butterfield, 1964;Pearlin and Schooler, 1978;Gianakos, 2002;Ng et al, 2006). In situations amenable to change, persons with an internal locus of control have also been found to use more direct coping efforts and fewer attempts of suppression, whereas externally oriented persons show the reverse pattern (Parkes, 1984). In addition, there is evidence that people's expectations of self-control over their environment play a mediating role in their adaptation process and that individuals with internal locus of control are better adjusted than individuals with external locus of control (Benson and Deeter, 1992).…”

Section: Locus Of Control Beliefs and Coping Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data

Buddelmeyer

Powdthavee

2015

SSRN Journal

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We investigate whether the intensity of emotional pain following a negative shock is different across the distribution of a person's locus of control -the extent to which individuals believe that their actions can influence future outcomes. Using panel data from Australia, we show that individuals with strong internal locus of control are psychologically insured against own and others' serious illness or injury, close family member detained in jail, becoming a victim of property crime and death of a close friend, but not against the majority of other life events. The buffering effects vary across gender. Our findings thus add to the existing literature on the benefits of internal locus of control. JEL: D03; I19

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Section: Locus Of Control Beliefs and Coping Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data

Buddelmeyer

Powdthavee

2015

SSRN Journal

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“…33 The revised version, with 44 items, was used. 34 Four categories of coping were identified by 3 professional referees: problem-focused, emotion-focused (avoidance), social support and positive focus. Internal consistency (␣) of the categories ranged from 0.73 to 0.80.…”

Section: Psychologic Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased emotional distress in daughters of breast cancer patients is associated with decreased natural cytotoxic activity, elevated levels of stress hormones and decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines

Cohen

Klein²,

Kuten³

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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DBCP who are aware of their increased risk of developing breast cancer may suffer from high emotional distress. Chronic stress may interfere with NCA and low NCA is associated with increased cancer risk. We studied 80 DBCP and 47 age-and education-matched healthy females (controls). Heparinized venous blood (30 ml) was drawn from all subjects between 8 and 9 A.M., and each participant answered a set of psychologic questionnaires. In addition, the firstmorning urine sample was collected. DBCP scored significantly higher in emotional distress compared to controls. Levels of stress hormones in DBCP were higher and in vitro secretion of IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-␥ lower compared to controls. NCA against NK-resistant (MCF-7, COLO-205, U937) and NK-sensitive (K562) cell lines was significantly lower in DBCP and much less augmented by in vitro preincubation with IL-2 or IL-12 compared to controls. NCA and in vitro Th1 cytokine secretion were inversely correlated with the degree of emotional distress and the level of stress hormones in blood or urine. High emotional distress and elevated levels of stress hormones are associated with impaired immune surveillance functions in DBCP. This may contribute to the increased risk of DBCP to develop breast cancer. An interventional trial to enhance coping and reduce stress levels may help to decrease the risk for breast cancer onset in DBCP. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: chronic stress; daughters of breast cancer patients; natural cytotoxic activity; Th1 cytokines; stress hormonesThe critical question in immunosurveillance against cancer, which has so far remained unanswered, is whether differences between individuals with regard to immunologic host-defense mechanisms can predict the future development of cancer. Various in vivo studies in humans and mice have shown the significant role of different natural cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in preventing the development of cancer or its metastases. 1-4 However, only a few studies have investigated NCA of peripheral blood lymphocytes among healthy individuals in a general population or those at increased risk of developing cancer. 5-7 NCA has also been demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker in patients with cancer. 8,9 Imai et al. 10 showed that selected lifestyle factors, such as maintaining body weight, not smoking, increasing intake of green vegetables and moderate alcohol consumption, may have an effect on natural cytotoxicity and that NCA can be increased by altering several lifestyle factors. Other studies have shown that restricted lifestyle changes, such as increasing exercise, losing weight and reducing fat and alcohol intake, are associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk (reviewed by Chlebowski 11 ).Whether emotional distress is associated with the onset of cancer in general and of breast cancer in particular has long been debated. Some studies have suggested that the overall prevalence of breast cancer is increased in women who have experienced stressful life events. 12,13 In contrast, the...

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“…Automation of parts of the driving task can make it increasingly difficult for some individuals to feel in control of what the vehicle is doing. Locus of control (LoC) suggests that individuals with an "external" LoC will more readily attribute the causes of events to the technology (K. R. Parkes, 1984) and not to their own actions. Trust in automation (Lee & Moray, 1992;Muir, 1994;Muir & Moray, 1996) has only recently begun to be examined in detail and is a factor that interacts with LoC.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Is Computing Driving Cars?

Walker

Stanton²,

Young³

2001

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

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Cars offer an excellent example of ubiquitous computing, and a technological revolution is currently underway that will eventually see in-vehicle computers empowered with increasingly complex sections of the driving task. In this article, we critically review the effect of ubiquitous computing in cars with reference to the psychology of the driver and present a survey of automotive researchers drawn from five major carmakers. The results illustrate the role of the computer in vehicles over the short, medium, and long term. Systems that are likely to be fitted into vehicles in the next 5 years include sophisticated electronic architectures and greater penetration of navigation and telematics systems. In the next 5 to 15 years drive by wire and collision sensing are anticipated. In the long term, 15 years and beyond, advanced driver-assistance systems will increasingly automate the driving task, and in-car personal computers and Internet will be commonplace. We conclude that the increased complexity and prominence of computing in cars requires further investigation of the needs, abilities, and limitations of the driver if the aims of safety, efficiency, and enjoyment, as well as greater ubiquity, are to be realized.

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Locus of control, cognitive appraisal, and coping in stressful episodes.

Cited by 368 publications

References 58 publications

Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data

Can Having Internal Locus of Control Insure Against Negative Shocks? Psychological Evidence from Panel Data

Increased emotional distress in daughters of breast cancer patients is associated with decreased natural cytotoxic activity, elevated levels of stress hormones and decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines

Where Is Computing Driving Cars?

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