Locomotor Skills and Balance Strategies in Adolescents Idiopathic Scoliosis

Mallau, Sophie; Bollini, G.; Jouve, Jean-Luc; Assaïante, Christine

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000251069.58498.eb

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This concurs with the observation that the phenotype of body distortion and skeletal deformations in human AIS are also rather variable (Weinstein et al, 2008). Assuming a general validity of the results in Xenopus, the gaze/ posture deficits that accompany human AIS (Jensen and Wilson, 1979;Byl et al, 1997;Wiener-Vacher and Mazda, 1998;Rousie et al, 1999;Manzoni and Miele, 2002;Mirovsky et al, 2006;Mallau et al, 2007) are compatible with a common vestibular origin, although a secondary influence of the distorted skeletal geome- -66). A, B, 3D reconstructed micro-CT scans of the vertebral column in a young adult control frog (A) and a frog that receivedaULatpre-metamorphicstage56(B).C, Opticalextractionof3vertebrae(v2,v5,v8)and3DgridofthedeformationinayoungadultULfrog.D,Planeandaxisofrotationofv2,v5,andv8inthecoronal plane;␣indicatestherotationoftheactualfrontalplane(red)ofthevertebrarelativetothetheoreticalcoronalplane(green);␤indicatestherotationofthevertebralaxis(green)relativetothedorsoventralaxis (blue).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…An impaired postural and locomotor performance Mallau et al, 2007), as well as deficits in extraocular motor control and gaze stabilization (Wiener-Vacher and Mazda, 1998;Rousie et al, 1999), including spontaneous and positional nystagmus (Jensen and Wilson, 1979;, was encountered in many patients. Most of these symptoms are compatible with a bilateral imbalance of the activity in central vestibular neurons (WienerVacher and Mazda, 1998;Manzoni and Miele, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Lambert¹,

Malinvaud²,

Glaunès

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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Human idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by severe deformations of the spine and skeleton. The occurrence of vestibular-related deficits in these patients is well established but it is unclear whether a vestibular pathology is the common cause for the scoliotic syndrome and the gaze/posture deficits or if the latter behavioral deficits are a consequence of the scoliotic deformations. A possible vestibular origin was tested in the frog Xenopus laevis by unilateral removal of the labyrinthine endorgans at larval stages. After metamorphosis into young adult frogs, X-ray images and three-dimensional reconstructed micro-computer tomographic scans of the skeleton showed deformations similar to those of scoliotic patients. The skeletal distortions consisted of a curvature of the spine in the frontal and sagittal plane, a transverse rotation along the body axis and substantial deformations of all vertebrae. In terrestrial vertebrates, the initial postural syndrome after unilateral labyrinthectomy recovers over time and requires body weight-supporting limb proprioceptive information. In an aquatic environment, however, this information is absent. Hence, the lesion-induced asymmetric activity in descending spinal pathways and the resulting asymmetric muscular tonus persists. As a consequence the mostly cartilaginous skeleton of the frog tadpoles progressively deforms. Lack of limb proprioceptive signals in an aquatic environment is thus the element, which links the Xenopus model with human scoliosis because a comparable situation occurs during gestation in utero. A permanently imbalanced activity in descending locomotor/posture control pathways might be the common origin for the observed structural and behavioral deficits in humans as in the different animal models of scoliosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Lambert¹,

Malinvaud²,

Glaunès

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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“…Such differences include decreased step length [6][7][8] and reduced range of motion (ROM) in the upper and lower extremities (LE) [6], but one study showed no difference [9]. It has also been reported that the gait pattern is symmetrical in healthy populations [10][11][12][13], but marked differences have been found between affected and unaffected limbs in pathological gait [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetrical gait in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

et al. 2013

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Purpose This study investigated side-to-side gait asymmetry in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods There were 20 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 20 age-matched control subjects, who participated in the study. To minimize confounding effects, we recruited patients with similar spinal curvature for the scoliosis group, and all participants are right hand dominant. The participants were instructed to ambulate on a 10 m walkway while barefoot. There were two force plates in the middle of the walkway. The ground reaction force (GRF) and angular displacements of six segments (foot, shank, thigh, pelvis, trunk, and head) were measured during one gait cycle based on the right and left lower extremities. To remove the positional information in the kinematic data, the derivative of angular displacement in each segment was calculated. To evaluate the side-to-side gait symmetry, we calculated the cross-correlation of each bilateral gait parameter. Results In the kinematics, the scoliosis group demonstrated asymmetrical gait in the frontal and transverse planes compared to the control group. In the GRF data, the scoliosis group demonstrated asymmetrical gait in the medial-lateral (M/L) direction compared to the control group.Conclusions These results indicated that the scoliosis group produced an asymmetrical rotation pattern of the segments bilaterally in the frontal and transverse planes, resulting in asymmetrical GRF patterns in the M/L direction. This asymmetrical gait may be produced by changes in global postural control during gait and not simply by changes in control of only one or two specific segments.

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“…The variability of the parameters analysed was greater for scoliotic patients than for control subjects [4], especially in the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions [16,30]. The dynamical strategies observed have been found to result in slower movements during normal walking, walking on a beam, and lateral stepping [4,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Idiopathic scoliosis: relations between the Cobb angle and the dynamical strategies when sitting on a seesaw

Bruyneel¹,

Chavet²,

Ebermeyer³

et al. 2010

Eur Spine J

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the severity of the spinal curve on the postural regulation when self-imposed disturbances occur in a seated position in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) orientations. Twelve female adolescents with a right thoracic scoliosis (Cobb = 30.4°± 9.7) were included in this study. The ground reaction forces (GRF) were studied while the subjects were maintaining their sitting on a seesaw (ML or AP destabilisation). Five conditions were tested: eyes open; with additional loads placed onto the subject's right or left shoulder; or onto the subject's right or left pelvis. We tested the correlation between the Cobb angle and the postural parameters (index of performance and GRF variability) for each condition. When the destabilisation was AP, the Cobb angle was significantly correlated with GRF variability and anterior and concavity index of performance. Two conditions showed higher correlations: stabilisation with the concavity pelvis load (GRF variability) and the open eyes (index of performance). In contrast, whatever the condition tested was, no link was found when the destabilisations were applied in ML direction. The destabilisation in a seated position highlights the influence of the curve severity on the postural organisation. In seated position, the postural control strategies specific to the scoliotic patients were always correlated by severity of curve, especially when the destabilisation is applied in AP directions. This study showed that the unstable seating position can be considered as a pertinent paradigm to help finding a postural clinical index for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

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Locomotor Skills and Balance Strategies in Adolescents Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 63 publications

References 24 publications

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer fromXenopus

Asymmetrical gait in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

Idiopathic scoliosis: relations between the Cobb angle and the dynamical strategies when sitting on a seesaw

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