Locomotor role of the corticoreticular–reticulospinal–spinal interneuronal system

Matsuyama, Kiyoji; Mori, Futoshi; Nakajima, Kazunori; Drew, Trevor; Aoki, Mamoru; Mori, Shigemi

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43024-0

Cited by 211 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Reticulospinal neurons have direct control over the activity of central pattern generators (CPGs) located in the spinal cord (Matsuyama et al 2004) and the brainstem (Lund et al 1998). Studies of the lamprey swimming CPG-homologous to the mammalian locomotion CPG-have found that the level of mRF neuron activity is directly related to the frequency of oscillation in the CPG, and thus may set the speed of swimming and the angle of turning (Deliagina et al 2002).…”

Section: External Connections Of the Mrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a brainstem substrate for action selection?

Humphries

Gurney

Prescott

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The search for the neural substrate of vertebrate action selection has focused on structures in the forebrain and midbrain, and particularly on the group of sub-cortical nuclei known as the basal ganglia. Yet, the behavioural repertoire of decerebrate and neonatal animals suggests the existence of a relatively self-contained neural substrate for action selection in the brainstem. We propose that the medial reticular formation (mRF) is the substrate's main component and review evidence showing that the mRF's inputs, outputs and intrinsic organization are consistent with the requirements of an action-selection system. The internal architecture of the mRF is composed of interconnected neuron clusters. We present an anatomical model which suggests that the mRF's intrinsic circuitry constitutes a small-world network and extend this result to show that it may have evolved to reduce axonal wiring. Potential configurations of action representation within the internal circuitry of the mRF are then assessed by computational modelling. We present new results demonstrating that each cluster's output is most likely to represent activation of a component action; thus, coactivation of a set of these clusters would lead to the coordinated behavioural response observed in the animal. Finally, we consider the potential integration of the basal ganglia and mRF substrates for selection and suggest that they may collectively form a layered/hierarchical control system.

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Section: External Connections Of the Mrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a brainstem substrate for action selection?

Humphries

Gurney

Prescott

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Although studies about interlimb relation have been dedicated to the evaluation of upper limbs, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical findings indicate that the interlimb coordination of lower limbs can be impaired, particularly when there are subcortical injuries in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, such as in the internal capsule 22,23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, a higher dysfunctional relation would be expected between the ipsilesional heel strike limb and the contralesional propulsion limb. This hypothesis is based on the role of the ipsilateral and contralateral pathways, as the former is more related to postural control, highlighted in the moment of touchdown, and the later are more associated to movement control, highlighted during propulsion 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlimb Coordination During the Stance Phase of Gait in Subjects With Stroke

Sousa

Silva

Santos

et al. 2013

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objective: To analyse the relation between contralesional and ipsilesional limbs in subjects with stroke during step-to-step transition of walking.Design: Observational, transversal, analytical study with a convenience sample. Setting:Patients from a physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic in Portugal (Braga). Participants:Sixteen subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis with the ability to walk independently and twenty-two healthy controls.Interventions: Not applicable. Conclusions:The findings obtained suggest that the lower performance of the contralesional limb in forward propulsion during gait is not only related to contralateral supraspinal damage but also to a dysfunctional influence of the ipsilesional limb.

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“…The mammalian reticulospinal system, composed of medullary and pontine reticulospinal neurons, plays a crucial role in initiating locomotion and associated postural control (Grillner et al, 1995;Mori et al, 1995;Drew et al, 2004;Garcia-Rill et al, 2004;Matsuyama et al, 2004a;Sasaki et al, 2004;Deliagina et al, 2006, Jordan et al, 2008. This is thought to be achieved through the extensive branching of reticulospinal axons (Peterson et al, 1975;Matsuyama et al, 1993Matsuyama et al, , 1997Sasaki, 1997), allowing them to exert widespread direct and indirect actions on spinal motoneurons (MNs) Shapovalov, 1969;Wilson and Yoshida, 1969;Peterson, 1979;Peterson et al, 1979;Sasaki, 1999;Habaguchi et al, 2002;Jankowska et al, 2003;Riddle et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of Functional Synaptic Connections between Medullary Reticulospinal Neurons and Lumbar Descending Commissural Interneurons in the Neonatal Mouse

Szokol¹,

Glover²,

Perreault³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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The medullary reticular formation (MRF) of the neonatal mouse is organized so that the medial and lateral MRF activate hindlimb and trunk motoneurons (MNs) with differential predominance. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether this activation is polysynaptic and mediated by commissural interneurons with descending axons (dCINs) in the lumbar spinal cord. To this end, we tested the polysynapticity of inputs from the MRF to MNs and tested for the presence of selective inputs from medial and lateral MRF to 574 individual dCINs in the L2 segment of the neonatal mouse.Reticulospinal-mediated postsynaptic Ca 2ϩ responses in MNs were reduced in the presence of mephenesin and after a midline lesion, suggesting the involvement of dCINs in mediating the responses. Consistent with this, stimulation of reticulospinal neurons in the medial or lateral MRF activated 51% and 57% of ipsilateral dCINs examined (255 and 352 dCINs, respectively) and 52% and 46% of contralateral dCINs examined (166 and 133 dCINs, respectively). The proportion of dCINs that responded specifically to stimulation of medial or lateral MRF was similar to the proportions of dCINs that responded to both MRF regions or to neither. The three responsive dCIN populations had largely overlapping spatial distributions.We demonstrate the existence of dCIN subpopulations sufficient to mediate responses in lumbar motoneurons from reticulospinal pathways originating from the medial and lateral MRF. Differential control of trunk and hindlimb muscles by the medullary reticulospinal system may therefore be mediated in part by identifiable dCIN populations.

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Locomotor role of the corticoreticular–reticulospinal–spinal interneuronal system

Cited by 211 publications

References 34 publications

Is there a brainstem substrate for action selection?

Is there a brainstem substrate for action selection?

Interlimb Coordination During the Stance Phase of Gait in Subjects With Stroke

Organization of Functional Synaptic Connections between Medullary Reticulospinal Neurons and Lumbar Descending Commissural Interneurons in the Neonatal Mouse

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