Locomotor Primitives in Newborn Babies and Their Development

Dominici, Nadia; Ivanenko, Yuri P.; Cappellini, Germana; d’Avella, Andrea; Mondı̀, Vito; Cicchese, Marika; Fabiano, Adele; Silei, Tiziana; Paolo, Ambrogio Di; Giannini, Carlo; Poppele, R. E.; Lacquaniti, Francesco

doi:10.1126/science.1210617

Cited by 562 publications

(678 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is reported that there are similarities in the muscle synergies when performing the same movement across subjects. Several authors reported muscle synergies when walking (Clark et al, 2010;Dominici et al, 2011;Ivanenko et al, 2004;Neptune et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2014), walking with perturbations (Ivanenko et al, 2005) or performing other tasks (Rugy et al, 2013). Clark et al (2010) applied the muscle synergy analysis in post-stroke injured subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of muscle synergies and activation–deactivation patterns in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during walking

Serrancolí

Monllau

Font-Llagunes

2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: The knowledge of muscle activation patterns when doing a certain task in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency could help to improve their rehabilitation treatment. The goal of this study is to identify differences in such patterns between anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and healthy subjects during walking.Methods: Electromyographic data for eight muscles were measured in a sample of eighteen subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, in both injured (Ipsilateral group) and non-injured (Contralateral group) legs, and a sample of ten healthy subjects (Control group). The analysis was carried out at two levels: activation-deactivation patterns and muscle synergies. Muscle synergy components were calculated using a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. Findings:The results showed that there was a higher co-contraction in injured than in healthy subjects. Although all muscles are activated similarly since all subjects developed the same task (walking), some differences could be observed among analyzed groups.Interpretation: The observed differences in the synergy components of injured subjects suggested that those individuals alter muscle activation patterns to stabilize the knee joint. This analysis could provide valuable information for the physiotherapist to identify alterations in muscle activation patterns during the follow-up of the subject's rehabilitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of muscle synergies and activation–deactivation patterns in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during walking

Serrancolí

Monllau

Font-Llagunes

2016

Clinical Biomechanics

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“…In this locomotor task, our findings revealed both similarities and differences between rats and humans. Among the similarities is the rhythmical and replicable hindlimb movement across consecutive step cycles which reflect the existence of a common rhythm generating system in both subjects [18]. The cyclographs showed that both knee-hip and ankle-knee relationships during Qp walking were in anti-clockwise and clockwise directions, respectively, in rats ( Figure 5) and humans ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Motor Patterns During Qp Walking In Rats and Humansmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this locomotor task, a clear difference was observed at the shortened period of the SW phase in RBWM. The ratio between the period of the SW:ST phases during Bp walking was about 1:9 in RBWM and 3:7 in humans; however, the ratio itself was preserved with replicable angular excursions which reflect the existence of a rhythm generator in rats and humans ( Figure 4, [18]). …”

Section: Motor Patterns During Bp Walking In Rats and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Comparison between Rats and Humans in Quadrupedal and Bipedal Locomotion

Hosoido¹,

Mori²,

Kiyoto³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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Bipedal (Bp) locomotion is one of the most characteristic motor behaviors in human beings. Innate quadrupedal (Qp) four-legged animals also often walk bipedally. The walking posture, however, is significantly different between the two. This suggests that although both have a potential to walk bipedally, however, the human has a body scheme suitable for Bp locomotion, probably its skeletal system. The skeletal system includes the lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis, a round pelvis, a large femur neck angle, short feet, and so on. To verify this hypothesis, we compared kinematic and EMG activities between rats and humans during Qp and Bp locomotion on a treadmill belt. The rat is a representative Qp animal, but it is able to acquire Bp walking capability with motor learning. Although the mobile ranges of the hindlimb joint are different during each locomotor pattern between rats and humans, both showed replicable flexion and extension excursion patterns for each joint depending on the locomotor phase. There are many phase-locked EMG bursts between rats and humans during the same walking task and these are observed in the proximal rather than the distal muscles. This suggests that both rats and humans utilize similar neuronal systems for the elaboration of Qp and Bp locomotion. It was interesting that both subjects showed more muscle activities during non-natural locomotor patterns; Qp < Bp for rats and Bp < Qp for humans. This indicates that rat Bp and human Qp walking need more effort and we may be able to find its reason in their skeletal system.

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“…A model of this framework in action is a recent demonstration that two basic patterns of electromyograph (EMG) activity shown during reflexive stepping in human infants are the same as those shown during walking in adult rats, cats, monkeys and even quail [80]. In toddlers, these two modular primitives (the authors' terms) are supplemented by two others, also shared with the other four species, whereas human adults show some unique patterns (for an example from cognitive neuroscience compare [81]).…”

Section: The Future Of Human Uniquenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularity, comparative cognition and human uniqueness

Shettleworth

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Darwin's claim 'that the difference in mind between man and the higher animals . . . is certainly one of degree and not of kind' is at the core of the comparative study of cognition. Recent research provides unprecedented support for Darwin's claim as well as new reasons to question it, stimulating new theories of human cognitive uniqueness. This article compares and evaluates approaches to such theories. Some prominent theories propose sweeping domain-general characterizations of the difference in cognitive capabilities and/or mechanisms between adult humans and other animals. Dual-process theories for some cognitive domains propose that adult human cognition shares simple basic processes with that of other animals while additionally including slowerdeveloping and more explicit uniquely human processes. These theories are consistent with a modular account of cognition and the 'core knowledge' account of children's cognitive development. A complementary proposal is that human infants have unique social and/or cognitive adaptations for uniquely human learning. A view of human cognitive architecture as a mosaic of unique and species-general modular and domain-general processes together with a focus on uniquely human developmental mechanisms is consistent with modern evolutionary-developmental biology and suggests new questions for comparative research.

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Locomotor Primitives in Newborn Babies and Their Development

Cited by 562 publications

References 26 publications

Analysis of muscle synergies and activation–deactivation patterns in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during walking

Analysis of muscle synergies and activation–deactivation patterns in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during walking

Qualitative Comparison between Rats and Humans in Quadrupedal and Bipedal Locomotion

Modularity, comparative cognition and human uniqueness

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