Locomotor avoidance behaviours during a visually guided task involving an approaching object

Cinelli, Michael E.; Patla, Aftab E.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.04.006

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The position data was filtered using a Gaussian low pass filter (cutoff frequency 0.5 Hz) and a 5 th order media filter, as commonly used in other studies [9] [3] [16] [10]. These filter parameters were chosen to conserve the walking path as accurately as possible and simultaneously filtering the trunk oscillations caused by the steps [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cinelli and Patla [9], for example, showed that when a human doll directly approached a walking person, the person changed its movement path prior to its walking speed. By contrast, Olivier et al [10] reported a collision avoidance behavior for a moving obstacle crossing at an angle of 90°, starting with an adjustment of speed followed by an additional path adjustment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjustments of Speed and Path when Avoiding Collisions with Another Pedestrian

Huber

Krüger

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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When walking in open space, collision avoidance with other pedestrians is a process that successfully takes place many times. To pass another pedestrian (an interferer) walking direction, walking speed or both can be adjusted. Currently, the literature is not yet conclusive of how humans adjust these two parameters in the presence of an interferer. This impedes the development of models predicting general obstacle avoidance strategies in humans’ walking behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the adjustments of path and speed when a pedestrian is crossing a non-reactive human interferer at different angles and speeds, and to compare the results to general model predictions. To do so, we designed an experiment where a pedestrian walked a 12 m distance to reach a goal position. The task was designed in such a way that collision with an interferer would always occur if the pedestrian would not apply a correction of movement path or speed. Results revealed a strong dependence of path and speed adjustments on crossing angle and walking speed, suggesting local planning of the collision avoidance strategy. Crossing at acute angles (i.e. 45° and 90°) seems to require more complex collision avoidance strategies involving both path and speed adjustments than crossing at obtuse angles, where only path adjustments were observed. Overall, the results were incompatible with predictions from existing models of locomotor collision avoidance. The observed initiations of both adjustments suggest a collision avoidance strategy that is temporally controlled. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of human collision avoidance strategies in walking, which can be used to evaluate and adjust existing pedestrian dynamics models, or serve as an empirical basis to develop new models.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustments of Speed and Path when Avoiding Collisions with Another Pedestrian

Huber

Krüger

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Various groups of researches have studied human collision avoidance during walking [5,6,15,16,31,54,55,61]. They have been interested in when, where, as well as to which extent humans adjust their path or velocity to avoid a collision with another dynamic object.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, parts of these studies neglect the interaction-awareness of humans during walking by only considering avoidance maneuvers with a passive, dynamic object. For example, the subjects of the studies by Cinelli and Patla [15,16] had to avoid a human-shaped doll that was moving towards them; Basili et al [5] and Huber et al [31] asked their participants to cross paths with a non-reacting human.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Human Avoidance Behavior: Interaction-Aware Decision Making Based on Game Theory

Turnwald

Althoff

Wollherr

et al. 2016

Int J of Soc Robotics

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Being aware of mutual influences between individuals is a major requirement a robot to efficiently operate in human populated environments. This is especially true for the navigation among humans with its mutual avoidance maneuvers. While humans easily manage this task, robotic systems are still facing problems. Most of the recent approaches concentrate on predicting the motions of humans individually and deciding afterwards. Thereby, interactivity is mostly neglected. In this work, we go one step back and focus on understanding the underlying principle of human decision making in the presence of multiple humans. Noncooperative game theory is applied to formulate the problem of predicting the decisions of multiple humans that interact which each other during navigation. Therefore, we use the theory of Nash equilibria in static and dynamic games where different cost functions from literature rate the payoffs of the individual humans. The approach anticipates collisions and additionally reasons about several avoidance maneuvers of all humans. For the evaluation of the game theoretic approach we recorded trajectories of humans passing each other. The evaluation shows that game theory is able to reproduce the

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“…The study of the visual control of walking has revealed many of the strategies used to detect and avoid obstacles in humans (Patla, 1997;Patla and Greig, 2006;Marigold et al, 2007;Cinelli and Patla, 2008;Marigold and Patla, 2008) and animals (Drew, 1993;Bellozerova and Sirota, 2003;Drew et al, 2008). One consistent theme that has emerged is that visual fixation of obstacles is rarely used to guide ongoing leg movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Working Memories of Obstacles Established by Foreleg Stepping in Walking Cats Require Area 5 of the Posterior Parietal Cortex

McVea¹,

Taylor²,

Pearson³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Walking animals rely on working memory to avoid obstacles. One example is the stepping of the hindlegs of quadrupeds over an obstacle. In this case, the obstacle is not visible at the time of hindleg stepping, because of its position between the fore and hindlegs, and working memory must be used to avoid it. We have previously shown that this memory is very precise and surprisingly long-lasting and that it depends on the stepping of the forelegs over the obstacle for its initiation. In this study, we test the hypothesis that area 5 in the posterior parietal cortex of cats is necessary for the maintenance of this long-lasting working memory. We report that small bilateral lesions to area 5 do not affect the amplitude of normal stepping of the hindlegs over obstacles, but they profoundly reduce the long-lasting working memory of obstacles. We propose that inputs to area 5 associated with foreleg stepping initiate long-lasting activity that maintains the memory of obstacle height in another brain region to guide the hindlegs over obstacles.

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Locomotor avoidance behaviours during a visually guided task involving an approaching object

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Adjustments of Speed and Path when Avoiding Collisions with Another Pedestrian

Adjustments of Speed and Path when Avoiding Collisions with Another Pedestrian

Understanding Human Avoidance Behavior: Interaction-Aware Decision Making Based on Game Theory

Long-Lasting Working Memories of Obstacles Established by Foreleg Stepping in Walking Cats Require Area 5 of the Posterior Parietal Cortex

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