Locomotor and Exploratory Behavior

Golani, Ilan; Benjamini, Yoav; Dvorkin, Anna; Lipkind, Dina; Kafkafi, Neri

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162851.003.0016

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additional examination of the data, however, revealed that CPP caused behavioral changes that were unlikely to be consequences of blocking memory formation. The complex environment, as designed, includes subfields that appear to be ethologically significant locations for the rat [termed "places" in the study by Golani et al (2005)], and provides attractive materials for investigation. Although testing rats in a laboratory environment necessarily restricts the animal's movements (Whishaw et al, 2006), this restriction can be exploited as a feature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That Long-Term Potentiation Occurs within Individual Hippocampal Synapses during Learning

Fedulov¹,

Rex²,

Simmons³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

133

102

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Stabilization of long-term potentiation (LTP) depends on multiple signaling cascades linked to actin polymerization. We used one of these, involving phosphorylation of the regulatory protein cofilin, as a marker to test whether LTP-related changes occur in hippocampal synapses during unsupervised learning. Well handled rats were allowed to explore a compartmentalized environment for 30 min after an injection of vehicle or the NMDA receptor antagonist (Ϯ)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). Another group of rats consisted of vehicle-injected, home-cage controls. Vehicle-treated rats that explored the environment had 30% more spines with dense phosphorylated (p) cofilin immunoreactivity in hippocampal field CA1 than did rats in the home-cage group. The increase in pCofilin-positive spines and behavioral evidence for memory of the explored environment were both eliminated by CPP. Coimmunostaining for pCofilin and the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) showed that synapses on pCofilin-positive spines were substantially larger than those on neighboring (pCofilin-negative) spines. These results establish that uncommon cellular events associated with LTP, including changes in synapse size, occur in individual spines during learning, and provide a technique for mapping potential engrams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That Long-Term Potentiation Occurs within Individual Hippocampal Synapses during Learning

Fedulov¹,

Rex²,

Simmons³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

133

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this context, home base refers to the location in which the animal spends a disproportionate period of time and from which it performs excursions . During this home base behavior, it appears that exploratory behavior is organized and that specific locomotor patterns can be identified …”

Section: Navigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploratory behavior (see section Exploring Space ) is a complex response to novelty that results from a compromise between the motivation to gather information about the surroundings and the need to avoid predators . As tracking technology improves, it is now feasible to carefully analyze the fine locomotor elements of exploratory behavior in rodents . Several studies by Golani and coworkers identified the moment‐to‐moment developmental sequence of forced and free exploration in rodents.…”

Section: Basic Properties Of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial cognition in mice and rats: similarities and differences in brain and behavior

Hok

Poucet

Duvelle³

et al. 2016

WIRES Cognitive Science

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The increasing use of mice models in cognitive tasks that were originally designed for rats raises crucial questions about cross-species comparison in the study of spatial cognition. The present review focuses on the major neuroethological differences existing between mice and rats, with particular attention given to the neurophysiological basis of space coding. While little difference is found in the basic properties of space representation in these two species, it appears that the stability of this representation changes more drastically over time in mice than in rats. We consider several hypotheses dealing with attentional, perceptual, and genetic aspects and offer some directions for future research that might help in deciphering hippocampal function in learning and memory processes. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:406-421. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1411 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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“…Exploration must be protectively avoidant yet properly investigative of novel stimuli that might promote survival, such as food, social opportunities, or shelter (Barnett, 1958(Barnett, , 1975. Exploration includes both spatial exploration and investigation of specific stimuli and is the sum of motor and locomotor activity, emotional drives (motivation, anxiety, and fear), and cognitive capacity (Golani, Benjamini, Dvorkin, Lipkind, & Kafkafi, 2005). We hypothesize that environmental exploration by infants during this first critical period when they are allowed out of the maternal nest is fundamentally different from, possibly greater than, that of adults.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental novelty or familiarity significantly influences adult activity (Buelke-Sam, Sullivan, Kimmel, & Nelson, 1984;Galani, Duconseille, Bildstein, & Cassel, 2001), and some infant studies have a limited consideration of this (Buelke-Sam et al, 1984;Eilam & Golani, 1988;Golani et al, 2005;Pappas, Vickers, Buxton, & Pusztay, 1982). Open questions on late infant patterns of exploration remain.…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Infant rats emerge from the maternal nest at Postnatal Day 17-18 to have their first critical environmental experiences; they may be particularly sensitive to experiences or experimental interventions that can affect their adult capacity. The authors address open questions on 2 components of normative environmental exploration, locomotor activity and response to anxiety-provoking locations, in Postnatal Day 18 infant and Postnatal Day 60 adult rats. The authors compare diurnal patterns of locomotor activity, wheel running, novel and familiar open-field activity, and 2 measures of anxiety. Infants have an equivalent capacity to adults for locomotor activity and wheel running and a fundamentally adult-like diurnal rhythm, except that they do not anticipate light-dark transitions, are more perturbable at their most somnolent, and are more or less active during specific limited phases than adults. Infants initially have a lower rate of locomotor activity in novel environments and have a greater willingness to be active in anxiety-provoking locations. Such differences may allow enhanced gathering of environmental information by the infant and are important to consider in the design of experiments using infants. Keywordsinfant; adult; exploration; activity; anxiety In humans, late childhood and adolescence is the period when drug sampling and experimentation first begins (Brown & Tapert 2004;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005;Spear, 2000;Turner, Mermelstein, & Flay, 2004), when clinical mental health disorders requiring pharmacologic intervention, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emerge (Andersen, 2003;Andersen, Arvanitogiannis, Pliakas, LeBlanc, & Carlezon, 2002), and when the central nervous system (CNS) is readily shaped by many stimuli, often with long-lasting consequences. Ultimately, studies using immature animals may inform us about human disorders with early life origins (e.g., hyperactivity) and may inform the beneficial use of pharmacological treatments. Further, these studies may provide insight into the effects of preadolescent sampling of drugs of abuse (Dahl & Spear, 2004).Prior to achieving sexual maturity between Postnatal Days (P) 55-60, immature rats are either infants (P1-P28) or adolescents (P28-P55; Ojeda & Urbanski, 1988;Spear, 2000). Infant rats are vigilantly kept in the protective maternal nest by their mothers until around P17-P18 (Barnett, 1958;Galef & Clark, 1972; Pereira & Morrell, 2007;Small, 1899), when they are allowed out into their larger environment. At this point, they have full motor and sensory capacity (Moorcroft, Lyttle, & Campbell, 1971). Experiences at this point readily produce longCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kiersten S. Smith, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102. E-mail: kismith@pegasus.rutgers.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript term effects; enriched environments lead...

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Locomotor and Exploratory Behavior

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Evidence That Long-Term Potentiation Occurs within Individual Hippocampal Synapses during Learning

Evidence That Long-Term Potentiation Occurs within Individual Hippocampal Synapses during Learning

Spatial cognition in mice and rats: similarities and differences in brain and behavior

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

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