Locomotor Activity of Ixodes ricinus Females in 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field

Vargová, Blažena; Majláth, Igor; Kurimský, Juraj; Cimbala, Roman; Zbojovský, Ján; Tryjanowski, Piotr; Majláthová, Viktória

doi:10.3390/life12060884

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some studies reported no significant changes in the locomotor activity of animals exposed to RF radiation in different frequencies range (e.g., rats exposed to 1.2 GHz [ 29 ], 905-MHz [ 30 ], and 900 MHz [ 31 ], and mice exposed to 1950 MHz [ 32 ]), while others report a decrease in the locomotor activity (in rats exposed to 2.5 GHz RF radiation [ 33 ] and 900 MHz radiation [ 34 ]. There are also data suggesting RF-exposed animals have higher locomotor activity [ 35 , 36 ]; our results linking RF exposure with increased locomotor activity support these latter findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Spandole-Dinu¹,

Catrina²,

Voinea

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The increasing radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation pollution resulting from the development and use of technologies utilizing RF has sparked debate about the possible biological effects of said radiation. Of particular concern is the potential impact on the brain, due to the close proximity of communication devices to the head. The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term exposure to RF on the brains of mice in a real-life scenario simulation compared to a laboratory setting. The animals were exposed continuously for 16 weeks to RF using a household Wi-Fi router and a laboratory device with a frequency of 2.45 GHz, and were compared to a sham-exposed group. Before and after exposure, the mice underwent behavioral tests (open-field test and Y-maze); at the end of the exposure period, the brain was harvested for histopathological analysis and assessment of DNA methylation levels. Long-term exposure of mice to 2.45 GHz RF radiation increased their locomotor activity, yet did not cause significant structural or morphological changes in their brains. Global DNA methylation was lower in exposed mice compared to sham mice. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these effects and to understand the potential effects of RF radiation on brain function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Spandole-Dinu¹,

Catrina²,

Voinea

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Female I. ricinus ticks tested in the same manner did not display any significant affinity for either arm. However, tracking ticks' movement in the circular arena with irradiated and shielded parts revealed the difference in the movement dynamics [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Neuropeptide Transcript Levels in the Synganglion of Ixodes ricinus

Šofranková,

Baňas,

Pipová

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation is an important environmental factor affecting the functionality of biological systems. Sensitivity to various frequencies of electromagnetic radiation has been detected in ixodid ticks in the past. However, the physiological aspects of radiation effects have not yet been studied in ticks. In the presented experiment, 360 Ixodes ricinus ticks, 180 males and 180 females, were divided into 16 irradiated and 8 control groups. The irradiated groups were exposed to two different intensities of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 900 MHz at different lengths of exposure time. RT-PCR was utilized to determine the changes in mRNA levels in tick synganglia after irradiation. Four randomly selected neuropeptide genes were tested—allatotropin (at), FGLa-related allatostatins (fgla/ast), kinin, and arginine-vasopressin-like peptide (avpl). A significant decrease in transcript levels in all female groups exposed to higher intensity radiofrequency radiation for 1 to 3 h was found. After one hour of radiofrequency exposure, a significant downregulation in allatotropin expression in males was detected. A consistent downregulation of the at gene was detected in males irradiated with at a higher intensity. Unfortunately, the specific functions of the studied neuropeptides in ticks are not known yet, so a more comprehensive study is necessary to describe the effects of EMF on observed neuropeptides. This study represents the first report on the effects of the abiotic environment on tick neurophysiology.

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“…Behavior in the field depends on many variables; therefore, a number of behavioral studies are carried out in laboratory conditions. Locomotor activity [ 50 , 51 , 52 ], questing behavior [ 53 ], influence of hydration on behavior [ 54 , 55 ], and repellent reactions [ 56 , 57 ] are among the behavior types that have been studied the most. The majority of research focuses on monitoring tick–stimulus response [ 51 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locomotor activity [ 50 , 51 , 52 ], questing behavior [ 53 ], influence of hydration on behavior [ 54 , 55 ], and repellent reactions [ 56 , 57 ] are among the behavior types that have been studied the most. The majority of research focuses on monitoring tick–stimulus response [ 51 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Apparatuses that are designed to test locomotor behavior and influence of hydration commonly have horizontal and vertical sections and wet areas [ 25 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavior of Rickettsia-Positive Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks under Laboratory Conditions

Pipová

Peňazziová

Baňas

et al. 2023

Life

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Considering that tick-borne diseases are on the rise, a full understanding of how pathogen–tick–host interactions can lead to vector behavioral modifications is of high value. Successful transmission of pathogens to their hosts depends on vector mobility and their ability to quest for prey and attack hosts. In our research, the behavior of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (n = 88) that were positive or negative for Rickettsia spp. (prevalence—36.36%) were analyzed using novel behavioral apparatuses. Tick locomotion and their preference for light or darkness were studied utilizing a multirod arena (MA) and a light/dark test (LDT) optimized for ticks. Behavioral tasks were evaluated using a Smart video-tracking system (Panlab, Spain). The majority of ticks (p < 0.0001) explored in the center of MA during the first 15 minutes. Despite that, most of them (p < 0.01) chose the periphery for questing or resting postures. They also preferred the elevated parts of the rods (p < 0.001) for this behavior. Ticks significantly (p < 0.0001) preferred the light part of the LDT. Rickettsia-infected ticks had higher locomotor activity, manifesting as longer trajectories (p = 0.0221). Our results revealed the possible impact of pathogens on some behavioral patterns of ticks as their vectors, which may significantly increase the probability of pathogen transmission.

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Locomotor Activity of Ixodes ricinus Females in 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Neuropeptide Transcript Levels in the Synganglion of Ixodes ricinus

The Behavior of Rickettsia-Positive Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks under Laboratory Conditions

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