Locomotor activity in the ischemic gerbil

Babcock, Alex M.; Baker, David A.; Lovec, Rhonda

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91081-3

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With repeated exposure to the open field, the animals in all groups showed habituation; however, testing on day 60 still revealed significant differences between S and IP animals (PϽ0.05). These results are consistent with those of previous studies 24,28,35,36 in that ischemic animals tend to recover with repeated exposure to a novel environment, especially when tests are conducted at short intervals. However, persistent increases in locomotor activity are observed when test sessions are spaced out over weeks or months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Dowden

Corbett

1999

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-In young animals, ischemic preconditioning protects CA1 hippocampal neurons against global ischemia. However, cerebral ischemia occurs most frequently in individuals aged Ն65 years. This study examined the protection provided by ischemic preconditioning in a population of aged (18-to 20-month-old) gerbils. Methods-One group of animals was exposed to two 1.5-minute episodes of global ischemia separated by 24 hours and followed 72 hours later by a 5-minute occlusion of both carotid arteries. A second group was given 2 episodes of preconditioning only. Two other groups were exposed to 5 minutes of ischemia or sham surgery. The animals survived 10, 30, or 60 days. Functional and histological assessments were used to determine the extent of protection. Results-Ten days after ischemia there was Ͼ80% protection of CA1 neurons in ischemic preconditioned animals compared with 6% in ischemic gerbils. Nevertheless, these preconditioned animals were impaired in open-field tests of habituation. In addition, CA1 dendritic field potentials were smaller in amplitude compared with those in sham animals. While there was a complete loss of staining for CA1 microtubule-associated protein-2 in ischemic animals, staining in ischemic preconditioned animals was normal. This suggests that dendritic abnormalities per se were not responsible for the observed functional deficits. CA1 cell survival declined to Ϸ75% of sham values (PϽ0.05) at 60 days after ischemia. Conclusions-Ischemic preconditioning provided substantial neuroprotection in aged gerbils. Nonetheless, the striking dissociation between histological and functional protection provided by ischemic preconditioning in aged animals emphasizes the need to use functional end points and long-term survival when assessing neuroprotection. Although functional recovery was evident with increasing survival time, CA1 cell death continued, thereby raising the possibility that the level of neuroprotection attained was not permanent. (Stroke. 1999;30:1240-1246.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Dowden

Corbett

1999

Stroke

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“…It has been proposed that the increased locomotion reflects a deficit in habituation or spatial mapping rather than primarily a defect in sensorimotor function. 30 This would theoretically lead to a slower adaptation to the test environment, and, in the present study, the A2AR (Ϫ/Ϫ) mice habituated more slowly than A2AR (ϩ/ϩ) mice at all time points studied.…”

Section: Behavioral Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 50%

Aggravated Brain Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Immature Adenosine A _2A Knockout Mice

Ådén

Halldner²,

Lagercrantz³

et al. 2003

Stroke

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“…2B), suggesting a transient decline followed by recovery in spatial learning in the 4PTT. Previous studies in rodents have shown a correlation between increased motor activity for several days after transient cerebral ischemia and a decrease in the number of CA1 pyramidal neurons (5,13,19,33). Corbet et al (14) showed an obvious failure of spatial learning behavior in the water maze and increased locomotor activity in gerbils at day 3 after a 5 min cerebral ischemia, but normal learning behavior and locomotor activity at day 21, suggesting that the transient defect in learning at day 3 might be due to the increased locomotor activity.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons and learning behavior in transient ischemia-loaded gerbils

Sasaki

Fujiwara

et al. 2013

Biomed. Res.

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We studied the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons and spatial learning behavior in gerbils that had been loaded with a transient cerebral ischemia caused by 5 min or 10 min occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The stimulus threshold to elicit the field responses after a transient cerebral ischemia was not different from that in controls, but there was a significant decrease in the magnitude of synaptic responses, which might result from the observed loss of neurons. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation after a 10 min cerebral ischemia expressed as a percentage of the pre-tetanus or pre-low frequency stimulation value were almost the same as those in controls, although the actual magnitude of the LTP and depotentiation was lower than in controls. Gerbils that were loaded with a 10 min cerebral ischemia showed impairment in a spatial learning test when this was started 10 days after the cerebral ischemia, but not when it was started 20 days after the same cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that the changes in electrophysiological properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons seen at 10 days after a 10 min cerebral ischemia contribute to the impairment of spatial learning of gerbils seen at this time, and that the extra-CA1 regions might be involved in the recovery of spatial learning seen at 20 days after cerebral ischemia.

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Locomotor activity in the ischemic gerbil

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Aggravated Brain Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Immature Adenosine A _2A Knockout Mice

Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons and learning behavior in transient ischemia-loaded gerbils

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Locomotor activity in the ischemic gerbil

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Ischemic Preconditioning in 18- to 20-Month-Old Gerbils

Aggravated Brain Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Immature Adenosine A 2A Knockout Mice

Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons and learning behavior in transient ischemia-loaded gerbils

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Aggravated Brain Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Immature Adenosine A _2A Knockout Mice