Lockdown Policies, Economic Support, and Mental Health: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic in United States

Yao, Haitang; Wang, Jiayang; Liu, Wei

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.857444

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…OxCGRT has appeared in multiple studies (eMethods and eTable 1 in Supplement 1). To distinguish policy purposes, we recategorized OxCGRT components into 2 new indexes: the Stringency and Restrictive Policy Index (SRPI) and the Support and Flexibility Policy Index (SFPI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States

et al. 2023

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ImportanceThe adverse effects of COVID-19 containment policies disrupting child mental health and sleep have been debated. However, few current estimates correct biases of these potential effects.ObjectivesTo determine whether financial and school disruptions related to COVID-19 containment policies and unemployment rates were separately associated with perceived stress, sadness, positive affect, COVID-19–related worry, and sleep.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was based on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study COVID-19 Rapid Response Release and used data collected 5 times between May and December 2020. Indexes of state-level COVID-19 policies (restrictive, supportive) and county-level unemployment rates were used to plausibly address confounding biases through 2-stage limited information maximum likelihood instrumental variables analyses. Data from 6030 US children aged 10 to 13 years were included. Data analysis was conducted from May 2021 to January 2023.ExposuresPolicy-induced financial disruptions (lost wages or work due to COVID-19 economic impact); policy-induced school disruptions (switches to online or partial in-person schooling).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerceived stress scale, National Institutes of Health (NIH)–Toolbox sadness, NIH-Toolbox positive affect, COVID-19–related worry, and sleep (latency, inertia, duration).ResultsIn this study, 6030 children were included in the mental health sample (weighted median [IQR] age, 13 [12-13] years; 2947 [48.9%] females, 273 [4.5%] Asian children, 461 [7.6%] Black children, 1167 [19.4%] Hispanic children, 3783 [62.7%] White children, 347 [5.7%] children of other or multiracial ethnicity). After imputing missing data, experiencing financial disruption was associated with a 205.2% [95% CI, 52.9%-509.0%] increase in stress, a 112.1% [95% CI, 22.2%-268.1%] increase in sadness, 32.9% [95% CI, 3.5%-53.4%] decrease in positive affect, and a 73.9 [95% CI, 13.2-134.7] percentage-point increase in moderate-to-extreme COVID-19–related worry. There was no association between school disruption and mental health. Neither school disruption nor financial disruption were associated with sleep.Conclusions and RelevanceTo our knowledge, this study presents the first bias-corrected estimates linking COVID-19 policy-related financial disruptions with child mental health outcomes. School disruptions did not affect indices of children’s mental health. These findings suggest public policy should consider the economic impact on families due to pandemic containment measures, in part to protect child mental health until vaccines and antiviral drugs become available.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States

et al. 2023

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“…Such state-level differences have been associated with differences in COVID-19 related outcomes. For example, levels of depression and anxiety have been positively associated with stringency of lockdown policies; however, this relationship varied geographically as a factor of state-level economic support ( Yao et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and postpartum: A longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2023

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“…It helps remove barriers to financial capital flows and creates an equitable financial environment, which enables disadvantaged groups to improve their social environment through access to high-quality financial services [ 39 ]. It helps disadvantaged groups to obtain equitable rights and improves workers’ self-esteem and self-motivation, thus improving their mental health [ 40 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity Influence of Financial Digitalization and Inclusion on Employees’ Psychological States

Zhang

Yang

2023

Behavioral Sciences

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Digital inclusive finance (DIF) has the power to spawn a new system of Internet finance and realize financial inclusion. However, the role of DIF in improving the health status of individuals is largely unknown. This study aims to demonstrate whether and how the development of DIF impacts the mental health of Chinese employees. This paper performs an empirical study based on the city-level data of the digital inclusive financial index with the China family panel studies. Ordinary least squares (OLS), probit models and mediation techniques are employed with appropriate instruments to alleviate endogeneity concerns. The results show that DIF can help employees improve their mental health. The results were robust to a variety of checks. Moreover, increasing income is the main pathway in which DIF improves individual mental health. Finally, it also reveals the heterogeneous effects of DIF on individual mental health. That is, the use depth of DIF has a significant positive effect on mental health status, but not on other sub-indicators, such as coverage breadth and degree of digital service provision; on those vulnerable groups containing females and employees with low education, its decisive role is larger than their counterparts who are males and have high levels of education. These results highlight the vital role of DIF in improving the mental health status of individuals. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure and achieve a deeper integration of the financial system with digital technologies.

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Lockdown Policies, Economic Support, and Mental Health: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic in United States

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States

COVID-19 Policies, Pandemic Disruptions, and Changes in Child Mental Health and Sleep in the United States

Depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and postpartum: A longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Heterogeneity Influence of Financial Digitalization and Inclusion on Employees’ Psychological States

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