Lock-On Magnetometer Utilizing a Superconclucting Sensor

Forgacs, R. L.; Warnick, A.

doi:10.1109/tim.1966.4313520

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Zimmerman remembered that they began using the abbreviation "QID" for "Quantum Interference Device" but that he and Silver discussed the matter one day and agreed on "SQUID" as an appropriate acronym for "Superconducting Quantum Interference Device." After that, they used "SQUID" so routinely in conversations that the term was picked up by other groups, and it was first used in print by Forgacs and Warnick, also of Ford, later in 1966 [14]. Today, the term"SQU1D" can be found as an entry in the Oxford English Dictionary.…”

Section: Early Years Ames Edward Zimmerman Was Born On 19 Februarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID

Kautz

2001

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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The career of Jim Zimmerman, beginning with a solid foundation in electronics and cryogenics, reached a turning point in 1965 when he became coinventor of the rf SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device), while working a t the Scientific Laboratory of the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan. Recognizing the exquisite sensitivity of the SQUID as an amplifier and magnetometer, Zimmerman devoted the remainder of his career, a t Ford and later a t the National Bureau of Standards, t o the further development of the SQUID and its applications. In 1969, Zimmerman also helped found SHE Corporation, which marketed the first commercially successful SQUID. While a t NBS, Zimmerman introduced two variations, the SQUID gradiometer and the fractional-turn SQUID, t o enhance the sensitivity of SQUIDs in special situations. He also developed a n improved understanding of SQUID dynamics by exploring the pendulum analog using carefully made models, work that has benefited a generation of students. Putting the SQUID t o work, Zimmerman investigated applications in metrology, biomagnetism, and geophysics. Notably, he participated in collaborations that recorded the first magnetocardiogram made with a SQUID and the first magnetoencephalogram of an evoked auditory response. Later, Zimmerman explored closed-cycle refrigeration as a means of making SQUIDs more useful outside the laboratory environment, and in 1977 he demonstrated an operating SQUID cooled t o 8.5 K by a Stirling-cycle refrigerator made largely of plastic. Zimmerman is remembered for his keen physical insight, the elegance and simplicity of his experiments, and his willingness t o question conventional wisdom in all aspects of life.

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Section: Early Years Ames Edward Zimmerman Was Born On 19 Februarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID

Kautz

2001

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…Superconductive quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have excellent performance in magnetometry, offering simultaneously very high transfer factors, very low noise and very large bandwidth [1]. Using them in a flux-locked loop [2] adds the advantage of a large dynamic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Self-Field Effects in Magnetometers Based on Meander-Shaped Arrays of Josephson Junctions or SQUIDs Connected in Series

Crété

Kermorvant²,

Lemaı̂tre

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are highly sensitive magnetometers that can operate without a flux-locked loop, as opposed to single SQUID magnetometers. They have no source of ambiguity and benefit from a larger bandwidth. They can be used to measure absolute magnetic fields with a dynamic range scaling as the number of SQUIDs they contain. A very common arrangement for a series array of SQUIDs is with meanders as it uses the substrate area efficiently. As for most layouts with long arrays, this layout breaks the symmetry required for the elimination of adverse self-field effects. We investigate the scaling behavior of series arrays of SQUIDs, taking into account the self-field generated by the bias current flowing along the meander. We propose a design for the partial compensation of this self-field. In addition, we provide a comparison with the case of series arrays of long Josephson junctions, using the Fraunhofer pattern for applications in magnetometry. We find that compensation is required for arrays of the larger size and that, depending on the technology, arrays of long Josephson junctions may have better performance than arrays of SQUIDs.

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“…It is particularly applied in the case of high-resolution magnetometers, e.g. those based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [I, 21, on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) [3,4] or those using Ruxgate sensors [SI, all of which show a nonlinear characteristic of the sensing device with respect to the magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A digitally programmable modulation and lock-in set-up

Weyand

1992

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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A modulation and lock-in set-up has been developed as a modular assembly for measuring systems detecting weak and noisy signals providing a synthesizer voltage or current source in order to modulate the quantity to be measured, and a phase-sensitive detecting (PSD) circuit. The amplitude and the frequency of the modulation source, the phase of the PSD square-wave reference, the PSD gain and its low-pass cut-off frequency are digitally programmable. The prototype set-up covers the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 999 Hz with a resolution of 0.1 Hz, whereas the phase-set increments of the lock-in part are about 2 degrees .

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Lock-On Magnetometer Utilizing a Superconclucting Sensor

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID

Jim Zimmerman and the SQUID

Evaluation of Self-Field Effects in Magnetometers Based on Meander-Shaped Arrays of Josephson Junctions or SQUIDs Connected in Series

A digitally programmable modulation and lock-in set-up

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