Location Restrictions on Smoking: Assessing their Differential Impacts and Consequences in the Workplace

Bell, Kirsten; McCullough, Lucy; Devries, Karen; Jategaonkar, Natasha; Greaves, Lorraine; Richardson, Lindsay

doi:10.1007/bf03405492

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although smoke-free laws are effective in reducing community smoking rates, college student drinkers in this study reported that living within the larger smoke-free community did not affect their motivation to quit smoking or alcohol-related social behaviors. Bell and colleagues (2009) found smoke-free laws may have less impact on subpopulations such as low-income groups; others report similar findings about low-income girls and women (Greaves & Hemsing, 2009). College students may represent another subpopulation in which smoke-free laws alone do not influence alcohol- or tobacco-related behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Smoke‐Free Policy and Alcohol Use Among Undergraduate College Students

Butler

Rayens

Hahn

et al. 2011

Public Health Nursing

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes and behaviors related to smoke-free policy among undergraduate student alcohol drinkers on a campus in a community with smoke-free bars. Design and Sample This was a secondary data analysis of a study in which participants completed mailed surveys assessing demographic characteristics, attitudes and behaviors related to alcohol and tobacco use and smoke-free policy (n=337). Opinion and behavior items were summarized descriptively; associations were examined using Kruskal Wallis tests and chi-square tests of association. Logistic regression tested for predictors of importance of smoke-free policy. Results Respondents were predominantly female and Caucasian; mean age 20.3 years. One-fourth were current smokers. Seventy-nine percent said the community smoke-free law had no effect on frequency of visiting bars. Eighty-seven percent said smoke-free policy in campus buildings was ‘somewhat’ or ‘very important’. Predictors of perceived importance of smoke-free policy included gender and smoking status. Conclusions Most smokers in this sample did not experience a change in their motivation to quit smoking or in number of cigarettes smoked daily. Implementation of a community smoke-free law did not reduce the likelihood of visiting bars. Women and nonsmokers were more likely to rate smoke-free campus policy as very important.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Smoke‐Free Policy and Alcohol Use Among Undergraduate College Students

Butler

Rayens

Hahn

et al. 2011

Public Health Nursing

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“…425 Some limited evidence suggests that the effects of smoke-free workplace policies may be larger in men than in women and among persons with greater education, but favorable effects were generally seen in all groups studied. 426–432 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Mozaffarian¹,

Afshin²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2012

Circulation

507

427

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Background Poor lifestyle, including suboptimal diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use are leading causes of preventable diseases globally. Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes, the optimal population-level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established. Methods and Results For this American Heart Association Scientific Statement, the writing group systematically reviewed and graded the current scientific evidence for effective population approaches to improve dietary habits, increase physical activity, and reduce tobacco use. Strategies were considered in 6 broad domains: (1) media and education campaigns; (2) labeling and consumer information; (3) taxation, subsidies, and other economic incentives; (4) school and workplace approaches; (5) local environmental changes; and (6) direct restrictions and mandates. The writing group also reviewed the potential contributions of healthcare systems and surveillance systems to behavior change efforts. Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified, providing a set of specific evidence-based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation. Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet, increasing activity, and reducing tobacco use. The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust, as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps, informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies. Conclusions This systematic review identified and graded the evidence for a range of population-based strategies to promote lifestyle change. The findings provide a framework for policy makers, advocacy groups, researchers, clinicians, communities, and other stakeholders to understand and implement the most effective approaches. New strategic initiatives and partnerships are needed to translate this evidence into action.

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“…Another emerging issue involves the inequality aspect of the smoke-free policy, focusing on its impacts on less powerful subpopulations, particularly women of low socioeconomic status 10 11. In California, low-income women were found to be more likely to be exposed to SHS at work in a smoke-free community without uniform adherence to smoke-free rules 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of smoke-free legislation on reducing exposure to secondhand smoke: differences across gender and socioeconomic groups

Tsai¹,

Chang²,

Sung

et al. 2013

Tob Control

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Background On 11 January 2009, Taiwan expanded its smoke-free legislation to all indoor public places and workplaces. This study examined the impact of this policy on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in adult non-smokers, across gender and socioeconomic status groups (SES). Methods An annual sample of about 13 000-14 000 non-smokers was drawn from cross-sectional nationwide data of Taiwan The model with interaction terms showed that men were more likely than women to be exposed to workplace SHS (OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.27) but were less likely to be exposed to home SHS (OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.86). SHS exposure in homes was significantly related to lower socioeconomic status, but the 2009 smoke-free policy reduced the difference in SHS exposure across education levels. Conclusions The 2009 smoke-free policy reduced the SHS exposure for non-smokers. However, this impact on home SHS did not persist after 2009, and the effect of protection was unequal across gender and SES groups. Thus, further enforcement of smoking restrictions would be needed to reduce the risk of SHS exposure and improve protection against SHS risk among parts of the population with lower socioeconomic status.

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Location Restrictions on Smoking: Assessing their Differential Impacts and Consequences in the Workplace

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Smoke‐Free Policy and Alcohol Use Among Undergraduate College Students

Smoke‐Free Policy and Alcohol Use Among Undergraduate College Students

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

The impact of smoke-free legislation on reducing exposure to secondhand smoke: differences across gender and socioeconomic groups

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