Location representation in enclosed spaces: What types of information afford young children an advantage?

Lourenco, Stella F.; Addy, Dede; Huttenlocher, Janellen

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.05.007

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This idea builds on findings of early metric coding of distance in infants and toddlers (Newcombe, Huttenlocher, & Learmonth, 1999;Newcombe, Sluzenski, & Huttenlocher, 2005). It is consistent with the finding that scalar magnitudes are easier to use for reorientation than are nonscalar magnitudes (Huttenlocher & Lourenco, 2007;Lourenco et al, 2009;Twyman et al, 2009), and it makes contact with a growing literature on the use of relative magnitude for spatial judgments (Duffy, Huttenlocher, & Levine, 2005;Huttenlocher, Duffy, & Levine, 2002) and in spatial scaling tasks (Huttenlocher, Newcombe, & Vasilyeva, 1999;Huttenlocher, Vasilyeva, Newcombe, & Duffy, 2008). As these articles make clear, the use of relative magnitude changes in many ways in the course of development, partly as a result of experience with navigation, but also as a result of many other factors, including learning to count and measure, and having experiences related to quantity such as sharing food.…”

Section: Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…With scalar cues, search by toddlers of 18-24 months was above chance at both the hiding corner and the geometrically identical opposite corner, although with nonscalar cues, search was random. Lourenco, Addy, and Huttenlocher (2009) provide further support for these findings, and Twyman, Newcombe, and Gould (2009) have shown analogous results for mice. These findings undermine the idea that geometric cues are necessary for success.…”

Section: Critiquesupporting

confidence: 69%

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25 years of research on the use of geometry in spatial reorientation: a current theoretical perspective

2013

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The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate the range of theories proposed to explain findings on the use of geometry in reorientation. We consider five key approaches and models associated with them and, in the course of reviewing each approach, five key issues. First, we take up modularity theory itself, as recently revised by Lee and Spelke (Cognitive Psychology, 61, 152-176, 2010a; Experimental Brain Research, 206, 179-188, 2010b). In this context, we discuss issues concerning the basic distinction between geometry and features. Second, we review the view-matching approach (Stürzl, Cheung, Cheng, & Zeil, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 1-14, 2008). In this context, we highlight the possibility of cross-species differences, as well as commonalities. Third, we review an associative theory (Miller & Shettleworth, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 191-212, 2007; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 419-422, 2008). In this context, we focus on phenomena of cue competition. Fourth, we take up adaptive combination theory (Newcombe & Huttenlocher, 2006). In this context, we focus on discussing development and the effects of experience. Fifth, we examine various neurally based approaches, including frameworks proposed by Doeller and Burgess (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 5909-5914, 2008; Doeller, King, & Burgess, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 5915-5920, 2008) and by Sheynikhovich, Chavarriaga, Strösslin, Arleo, and Gerstner (Psychological Review, 116, 540-566, 2009). In this context, we examine the issue of the neural substrates of spatial navigation. We conclude that none of these approaches can account for all of the known phenomena concerning the use of geometry in reorientation and clarify what the challenges are for each approach.

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Section: Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Critiquesupporting

confidence: 69%

25 years of research on the use of geometry in spatial reorientation: a current theoretical perspective

2013

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“…Lourenco, Addy, & Huttenlocher (2009), on the other hand, replicated their failure of alternating features using red or blue patterns, rather than solid walls. Because of these conflicting results, children’s ability to use of color cues for reorientation remains unclear.…”

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confidence: 78%

Two systems of spatial representation underlying navigation

Lee

Spelke

2010

Exp Brain Res

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We review evidence for two distinct cognitive processes by which humans and animals represent the navigable environment. One process uses the shape of the extended 3D surface layout to specify the navigator’s position and orientation. A second process uses objects and patterns as beacons to specify the locations of significant objects. Although much of the evidence for these processes comes from neurophysiological studies of navigating animals and neuroimaging studies of human adults, behavioral studies of navigating children shed light both on the nature of these systems and on their interactions.

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“…Recent computational models show that image-matching processes can account for the primary findings from behavioral studies of reorientation [27], [28], [29], [30] and neurophysiological studies of oriented navigation [29] in non-human animals. Image-matching theories also can explain several findings from studies of children: When children are disoriented in a square room whose alternating walls differ in brightness [31], [32], they can match the stored image of the goal location in accord with these brightness relations, even though they fail to use such relations in a rectangular room with a single wall of contrasting brightness. In a rectangular room with one wall of a distinctive color or brightness [33], the salience of the discrepancy between visual images of longer and shorter walls may be greater than the discrepancy between images of different colored walls, resulting in behavior primarily in accord with wall length rather than wall color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Reorientation Is Guided by Perceived Surface Distance, Not by Image Matching Or Comparison

2012

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Humans and animals recover their sense of position and orientation using properties of the surface layout, but the processes underlying this ability are disputed. Although behavioral and neurophysiological experiments on animals long have suggested that reorientation depends on representations of surface distance, recent experiments on young children join experimental studies and computational models of animal navigation to suggest that reorientation depends either on processing of any continuous perceptual variables or on matching of 2D, depthless images of the landscape. We tested the surface distance hypothesis against these alternatives through studies of children, using environments whose 3D shape and 2D image properties were arranged to enhance or cancel impressions of depth. In the absence of training, children reoriented by subtle differences in perceived surface distance under conditions that challenge current models of 2D-image matching or comparison processes. We provide evidence that children’s spontaneous navigation depends on representations of 3D layout geometry.

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Location representation in enclosed spaces: What types of information afford young children an advantage?

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

25 years of research on the use of geometry in spatial reorientation: a current theoretical perspective

25 years of research on the use of geometry in spatial reorientation: a current theoretical perspective

Two systems of spatial representation underlying navigation

Spontaneous Reorientation Is Guided by Perceived Surface Distance, Not by Image Matching Or Comparison

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