“…The technology licensing issue has been extended into many various fields, such as when the technology licensing occurs in an open economy (Mukherjee, 2007;Chang, 2011), an innovator licenses a new technology about product quality (Li & Song, 2009), the technology licensing occurs in vertical market structure (Brocas, 2003;Matsushima, 2004;Buehler & Schmutzler, 2007), using the spatial competition model to discuss the technology licensing (Poddar & Sinha, 2004;Lin et al, 2012), and the technology licensing occurs when the number of licensee is extended to n firms, where n 3 (Kamien & Tauman, 2002;Sen, 2005). A few technology licensing papers touch upon the environmental protection issue.…”