Location and Gross Morphology of the Nasopalatine Duct in Human Adults

Jacob, Suma; Zelano, Bethanne; Güngör, Anıl; Abbott, D.; Naclerio, Robert M.; McClintock, Martha K.

doi:10.1001/archotol.126.6.741

Cited by 81 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar findings, in previous studies, were also reported observing up to four foramina at the IC nasal level (1,7,8). Sicher reported that there could be up to six separate foramina (9), the additional foramina being labeled the foramina of Scarpa (10). However, other authors observed only two foramina (2,10).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Anatomo-Radiological Assessment of Incisive Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomographs

Tlili¹,

Abdallah²,

Amor³

2017

IJAR

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Purposes:To determine the anatomical variability of the incisive canal (IC) and to clarify its characteristics, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation, in order to avoid intra-and post-operative complications in oral surgery. Materials and Methods:The diameter, length and angulations of the IC and the width of the bone anterior to the canal were measured on 100 digital CBCT using the Galileos Implant 1.9 software. The patients' ages ranged from 14 to 54 years (53 males and 47 females). The data were analyzed using the Stat View 5.0 software. Results:The anatomy of the IC shows a large variability in its morphology and dimensions, with the canal branching into up to four canals at the nasal level. The length of the IC varies from 4.94 mm to 26.13 mm with an average of 11.42 (±2.71) mm with a statistically significant difference between genders. The ICs were classified into 6 categories according to their shape viewed on the sagittal sections, with two new shapes found. The incisive foramen has four shapes with a statistical correlation with the gender of the subject. The bone thickness anterior to the canal shows a statistical correlation with the gender of the subject and the presence or absence of the central incisor. Conclusions:The present study highlights an important variability in the anatomy and morphology of the IC. Therefore, a CBCT analysis of this structure is essential to avoid any complications before any surgery in this area.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Sicher reported that there could be up to six separate foramina (9), the additional foramina being labeled the foramina of Scarpa (10). However, other authors observed only two foramina (2,10). This variability in results could be due to sample differences and the various imaging techniques used in the different studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomo-Radiological Assessment of Incisive Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomographs

Tlili¹,

Abdallah²,

Amor³

2017

IJAR

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“…Song et al [11] and Jacob et al [12] observed only two foramina in their studies. Mraiwa et al [13] and Liang et al [1] who also reported observing up to four foramina at the level of the nasal floor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nasopalatine Canal Revisited: An Insight to Anterior Maxillary Implants

Bajoria¹,

Kochar²,

Sangamesh³

et al. 2018

OJST

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Purpose: The study was performed to evaluate variability in nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in relation to age and gender. The study also provides an insight while considering anterior maxillary implants. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 subjects aged between 19 and 67 years who were divided into the following 3 groups: 1) 19 -34 years old; 2) 35 -49 years old; 3) >50 years old. The male and female subjects were 104 and 96 respectively. After obtaining a prior consent, CBCT was performed using a standard exposure and patient positioning protocol. The CBCT volume was sliced in three planes (X, Y, and Z) and was sequentially analyzed for the location, morphology and morphometric dimensions of the nasopalatine canal. The correlation of age and gender with all the variables were evaluated. Results: The present study revealed statistically significant differences in the length of the nasopalatine canal based on the age group. The slanted and the cylindrical variety of the nasopalatine canal were commonly observed in the study. However, no statistical differences were noted in the other variables such as number of openings at the nasal fossa, diameter of the incisive fossa, angulation of the canal as viewed in the sagittal sections and antero-posterior dimensions of the canal in the sagittal sections. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the variability observed in the anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal which is an important landmark for placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region.

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“…It runs parallel to the maxillary central incisors and transmits the nasopalatine vessels and nerves, branches of the maxillary artery, and the trigeminal nerve and is surrounded by a thick layer of cortical bone. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Because of its proximity to the maxillary incisors, the possibility of surgical invasion of the incisive canal during dental procedures has been reported, and this can result in nonosseointegration of dental implants or sensory dysfunction. 23,24 Although the overall anatomy of the incisive canal is well defined, its precise location in relation to the maxillary incisors is not well documented in the orthodontic literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors using computed tomography images

Cho

Kim

Choi

et al. 2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the morphologic features and the relative position of the incisive canal with regard to the maxillary incisor roots using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors were measured using CT images of 38 adults with skeletal and dental class I normal occlusion. Linear measurements were performed on the axial cross-sectional images corresponding to three vertical levels, the palatal opening of the incisive canal (L1), midlevel between the opening level and the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (L2), and the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (L3). Results: The percentage of subjects with an incisive canal width greater than the interroot distance of the central incisors was 86.8% and 63.2% at levels L1 and L2, respectively. The anteroposterior distance between the maxillary incisor roots and the boarder of the incisive canal was approximately 5-6 mm at levels L1 and L2. Conclusion: The anteroposterior distance between the maxillary central incisor roots and the incisive canal was approximately 5-6 mm. More than 60% of the subjects had an incisive canal width greater than the interroot distance. Evaluation of the proximity of the incisive canal to the maxillary incisors, along with its dimensional characteristics, may be helpful when a considerable amount of maxillary retraction is planned. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:571-576.)

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Location and Gross Morphology of the Nasopalatine Duct in Human Adults

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

Anatomo-Radiological Assessment of Incisive Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomographs

Anatomo-Radiological Assessment of Incisive Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomographs

Nasopalatine Canal Revisited: An Insight to Anterior Maxillary Implants

Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors using computed tomography images

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