“…Recently, a lot of studies are devoted to MSW management using mathematical programming approaches with various assumptions and specifications, including capacitated location-allocation ( Yu and Solvang, 2017 , Rathore et al, 2020 , Tirkolaee et al, 2020 ), vehicle routing problem (VRP) ( Hannan et al, 2018 , Louati et al, 2019 , Höke and Yalcinkaya, 2021 ), location-routing problem ( Rabbani et al, 2018 , Asefi et al, 2019 ); uncertainty ( Yadav et al, 2017 , Tirkolaee et al, 2018 , Singh, 2019 , Wang et al, 2021 ), and so on.…”