Locating the Seventh Cervical Spinous Process: Development and Validation of a Multivariate Model Using Palpation and Personal Information

Ferreira, Ana Paula Antunes; Póvoa, Luciana C.; Zanier, José Fernando C.; Ferreira, Arthur de Sá

doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.10.012

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, criterion validity for both methods remains very low, with 18% for the Flexion–Extension method and 33% for the new “following the first rib” method [19]. Further information of the subject such as age, body mass index and the distance from SP C7 to the vertex at the cranium in centimetres could even better predict the exact location of SP C7 in 66% of the cases in the study by Ferreira et al [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-rater reliability of determining positions of cervical spinous processes and measuring their relative distances

et al. 2019

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Objectives A reliable detection of bony landmarks of the spine is necessary in order to determine rigid bodies and to reduce the variability of marker placement in a movement laboratory setting. In a first study on the thoracic and lumbar spine, we demonstrated that placing markers on their relative positions between two major landmarks was superior to palpation of specific bony landmarks. The aims of this study were to examine the intra-rater reliability when palpating for spinous processes (SPs) of the second (C2) and seventh cervical vertebrae (C7), to determine the distances between C2 and C7 and the relative position of C7 along the length between C2 and the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) level. Results The intra-rater reliability in determining the distance between C2 and C7 was found to be substantial, with an intra-rater reliability of 0.75 (95% confidence limits 0.55–0.99) and a standard error of the measurement of 0.34 cm. The relative distance of C7 along the total C2–PSIS length was estimated to be 11.5%. The determination of the relative positions of spinal landmarks through measurement is considered superior to their palpation, because it relies on a reproducible and comparable definition of rigid bodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%