Locating and Bypassing Holes in Sensor Networks

Abstract

Abstract. In real sensor network deployments, spatial distributions of sensors are usually far from being uniform. Such networks often contain regions without enough sensor nodes, which we call holes. In this paper, we show that holes are important topological features that need to be studied. In routing, holes are communication voids that cause greedy forwarding to fail. Holes can also be defined to denote regions of interest, such as the "hot spots" created by traffic congestion or sensor power shortage. In this paper, we define holes to be the regions enclosed by a polygonal cycle which contains all the nodes where local minima can appear. We also propose simple and distributed algorithms, the TENT rule and BOUNDHOLE, to identify and build routes around holes. We show that the boundaries of holes marked using BOUNDHOLE can be used in many applications such as geographic routing, path migration, information storage mechanisms and identification of regions of interest.

Flexible Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol Using Local Decision in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…그러나 다중경로 라우팅에서 중요한 이슈 중 에 경로의 중첩이나 경로 간 간섭 문제를 다루기 위 해서는 노드, 링크, 무선 분리와 같은 분리형 다중 경로의 구축과 이를 이용한 강건한 라우팅이 필요하 다 [9,10] . 구가 필요하다 [6,10] . 최근 이를 위한 연구들도 진행되 정보를 얻을 수 있다 [16] .…”

Geographic Routing with Early Obstacles Detection and Avoidance in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Geometric obstacle detection is proposed in [6]. It uses the geometric properties of a node to determine if a message can be stuck at that node.…”

Impact of High-Mobility Radio Jamming in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

“…As mentioned earlier, several algorithms were proposed for bypassing permanent routing voids in mobile ad-hoc networks and wireless sensor networks [5], [6]. Although the existing mechanisms are effective for permanent routing voids, radio jamming attacks creates temporary routing voids, which frequently changes the status between disconnection and connection.…”

“…Since the radio jamming creates routing voids in the WSN, the existing approaches [5], [6] for routing void can provide a solution. However, those existing approaches are not effective for high-mobility jamming.…”