Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing

Hannuksela, O. A.; Collett, Thomas E.; Çalışkan, Mesut; Li, Tjonnie G. F.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2577

Cited by 85 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…More generally, once strongly lensed pairs of events can be identified, joint parameter inference on the combined images (as introduced in this paper and independently by [53,54]) can significantly improve estimates of the source properties and location [59]. Hence, our approach is a key contribution toward the discovery of lensed GWs, which will advance our understanding of both cosmology and high-redshift black hole populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, the B L=U can at least be used to rule out pairs that strongly disfavor the lensed hypothesis. More detailed analyses taking into account detailed lens modeling [59] or even targeted follow-up campaigns [60] may then become feasible on any strong remaining candidates. Also, as our knowledge of the astrophysical distribution of GW source systems improves, we will be able to better constrain the priors that go into this analysis and hence better distinguish promising candidates for lensed pairs from chance coincidences in parameter space.…”

Section: Recovered Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Search for strongly lensed counterpart images of binary black hole mergers in the first two LIGO observing runs

et al. 2020

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Strong gravitational lensing can produce multiple images of the same gravitational-wave signal, each arriving at different times and with different magnification. Previous work has explored if lensed pairs exist among the known high-significance events from the LIGO and Virgo Collaboration's GWTC-1 catalog and found no evidence of this. However, the possibility remains that weaker counterparts of these events are present in the data, unrecovered by previous searches. We conduct a targeted search specifically looking for subthreshold lensed images of known binary black hole (BBH) observations from GWTC-1. We recover candidates matching three of the additional events first reported by Venumadhav et al. [Phys. Rev. D 101, 083030 (2020)] but find no evidence for additional BBH events. We also find no evidence that any of the Venumadhav et al. observations are lensed counterparts. We demonstrate how this type of counterpart search can constrain hypotheses about the overall source and lens populations and we rule out at very high confidence the extreme hypothesis that all heavy BBH detections are in fact lensed systems at high redshift with intrinsic masses <15 M ⊙ .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Recovered Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search for strongly lensed counterpart images of binary black hole mergers in the first two LIGO observing runs

et al. 2020

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“…As mentioned in the previous section, many strong lensing science cases, such as the localisation of the host galaxies of merging black holes as well as lensing cosmography (Hannuksela et al 2020) rely on obtaining accurate magnification measurements from the macroimages, unhindered by microlensing (see also (Oguri & Marshall 2010;Cheung et al 2021), for discussion). Figure 3 shows that for microlenses of mass 𝑚 10𝑀 , the magnification of the image would not significantly affect these studies if the targeted accuracy is ∼ 10%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the magnification is vital in the localization and follow-up cosmography of strongly lensed GWs (e.g. Sereno et al 2011;Hannuksela et al 2020;Yu et al 2020), if 𝜇 m significantly deviates from 1, microlensing might contaminate the signal to a degree that would affect these studies. Figure 6 gives the effective magnification as a function of the micro impact parameter 𝜂 m ∈ [0.1, 1.0]𝜃 m and mass of microlens 𝑚 ∈ [0, 100]M .…”

Section: Demagnification For the Microlensed Type 2 Imagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have many examples of EM lensing observations (Ohanian 1974;Thorne 1982;Deguchi & Watson 1986;Wang et al 1996;Nakamura 1998;Takahashi & Nakamura 2003). Recently, searches for GW lensing using LIGO and Virgo data have also started (Hannuksela et al 2019;Li et al 2019a;McIsaac et al 2020;Pang et al 2020;Dai et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Collaboration & Collaboration 2021), and many of the detection methodologies have been outlined in recent years (Cao et al 2014;Lai et al 2018;Christian et al 2018;Hannuksela et al 2019;Li et al 2019a;McIsaac et al 2020;Pang et al 2020;Hannuksela et al 2020;Dai et al 2020;Liu et al 2020;Wang et al 2021b;Lo & Magana Hernandez 2021;Janquart et al 2021a,b). If observed, lensed GWs could enable studies spanning the domains of fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology Sereno et al (2011); Baker & Trodden (2017); Fan et al (2017); Liao et al (2017); Lai et al (2018); Liao (2019); Cao et al (2019); Li et al (2019b); Hou et al (2020); Mukherjee et al (2020a,b); Goyal et al (2020); Diego (2020); Hannuksela et al (2020);…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microlensing of type II gravitational-wave macroimages

Yeung¹,

Cheung²,

Gais³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Gravitational lensing describes the bending of the trajectories of light and gravitational waves due to the gravitational potential of a massive object. Strong lensing by galaxies can create multiple images with different overall amplifications, arrival times, and image types. If, furthermore, the gravitational wave encounters a star along its trajectory, microlensing will take place. Our previous research studied the effects of microlenses on strongly-lensed type I images. We extend our research to type II strongly-lensed images to complete the story. Our results are broadly consistent with prior work by other groups. As opposed to being magnified, the type II images are typically demagnified. Moreover, the type II images produce larger mismatches than type I images. Similar to our prior work, we find that the wave optics effects significantly suppress microlensing in the stellar-mass limit. We also discuss the implication of our results for a particularly promising method to use strong lensing to detect microlensing. In the future, it will be crucial to incorporate these microlensed waveforms in gravitational-wave lensing searches.

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Cosmology with Gravitational Waves: A Review

et al. 2022

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Standard sirens have been the central paradigm in gravitational‐wave cosmology so far. From the gravitational wave signature of compact star binaries, it is possible to measure the luminosity distance of the source directly, and if additional information on the source redshift is provided, a measurement of the cosmological expansion can be performed. This review article discusses several methodologies that have been proposed to use gravitational waves for cosmological studies. Methods that use only gravitational‐wave signals and methods that use gravitational waves in conjunction with additional observations such as electromagnetic counterparts and galaxy catalogs will be discussed. The review also discusses the most recent results on gravitational‐wave cosmology, starting from the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart and finishing with the population of binary black holes, observed with the third Gravitational‐wave Transient Catalog GWTC–3.

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Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing

Cited by 85 publications

References 71 publications

Search for strongly lensed counterpart images of binary black hole mergers in the first two LIGO observing runs

Search for strongly lensed counterpart images of binary black hole mergers in the first two LIGO observing runs

Microlensing of type II gravitational-wave macroimages

Cosmology with Gravitational Waves: A Review

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