Localized structures of nanosize charged dust grains in Earth's middle atmosphere

Arbitrary amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with flat-topped ion distribution

“…[30]. This also indicates the existence of the small amplitude solitary structure with negative potential which agrees with the analysis of Kopnin et al [8] for small but finite amplitude of DA solitary waves.…”

“…This expression is obtained by the consideration that a thermal electron moves with a speed much higher than the ion thermal speed. In this situation, DA solitary structures can be accompanied by either positive or negative electrostatic potential [8]. The commonly used assumption in this case is that the ions are not trapped in the potential well.…”

Smoky Plasma

“…These observations in dusty and negative-ion plasmas support the idea that these nonlinear waves can be observed in smoky plasma. There is some evidence that these nonlinear waves may exist in the upper atmosphere [95]- [97].…”

Small scale structures of a mesospheric dusty plasma

“…They are usually charged by the attachment of electrons and ions, photoelectric emissions as well as other processes (Shukla and Mamum, 2002). New phenomena associated with the behaviors of the microparticles have been discovered and extensively studied, such as collective modes (Rao et al, 1990), dust lattices (Thomas et al, 1994), and localized structures (Bharuthram and Shukla, 1992;Yu et al, 1992;Ma et al, 1997;Kopnin et al, 2004), etc. In the earth's ionosphere, the microparticles grow as a result of the condensation of water vapor or the showers of micrometeoroid (Klumov et al, 2005;Kopnin et al, 2009).…”

“…However, the mechanism that generates the assumed perturbation is not clear. More recently, Kopnin et al (2004) invoked dust acoustic solitons to explain the localized structures in the PMSE layer. However, the spatial scales of the localized structures are on the order of tens of Debye lengths, which might be comparable with Bragg scale of UHF radars but are too small compared to the observed scales (Havnes et al, 1996).…”