Localized Provoked Vulvodynia-An Ignored Vulvar Pain Syndrome

Paavonen, Jorma; Eschenbach, David A.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.678961

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, multiple studies suggest that inflammation may play a role in the development of PV. 5,28,61 The current result support this notion, indeed, we found that repeated inflammation led to long-lasting mechanical and thermal vulvar hypersensitivity. However, in the current study we focused only on inflammation in the development of PV, and this a limitation of the current study.…”

Section: Dovepresssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…26,27 Hyperinnervation and mast cells (MCs) accumulation in the vulva among PV has led to the hypothesis that early inflammatory events set the stage for longterm MC increase in the vulva, which in turn supports the overgrowth of the sensory neurons at the early stage of the inflammation, as well as the stability of the hyperinnervation of neurons after the inflammation subsides. 14,26,28 However, whether mast cell-mediated inflammation can drive hyperinnervation and neuromodulation manifests in vulvar allodynia, and hyperalgesia remains unknown. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of inflammation on vulvar sensitivity, local inflammatory changes, and the role of mast cells in the development of chronic vulvar sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of Early Inflammatory Events Leading to Provoked Vulvodynia Development in Rats

Awad-Igbaria¹,

Dadon²,

Shamir³

et al. 2022

JIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Provoked vulvodynia (PV) is the main cause of vulvar pain and dyspareunia. The etiology of PV has not yet been elucidated. However, PV is associated with a history of recurrent inflammation, and its often accompanied by increases in the numbers of mast cells (MCs) and sensory hyperinnervation in the vulva. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of MCs and the early inflammatory events in the development of chronic vulvar pain in a rat model of PV. Methods: Mechanical and thermal vulvar sensitivity was measured for 5 months following zymosan vulvar challenges. Vulvar changes in glutamate and nerve growth factor (NGF) were analyzed using ELISA. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of the vulvar section after 20, 81, and 160 days of the zymosan challenge were performed to test MCs accumulation, hyperinnervation, and expression of pain channels (transient receptor potential vanilloid/ankyrin-1-TRPV1 & TRPA1) in vulvar neurons. Changes in the development of vulvar pain were evaluated following the administration of the MCs stabilizer ketotifen fumarate (KF) during zymosan vulvar challenges. Results: Zymosan-challenged rats developed significant mechanical and thermal vulvar sensitivity that persisted for over 160 days after the zymosan challenge. During inflammation, increased local concentrations of NGF and glutamate and a robust increase in MCs degranulation were observed in zymosan-challenged rats. In addition, zymosan-challenged rats displayed sensory hyperinnervation and an increase in the expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1. Treatment with KF attenuated the upregulated level of NGF during inflammation, modulated the neuronal modifications, reduced MCs accumulation, and enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity after repeated inflammation challenges. Conclusion:The present findings suggest that vulvar hypersensitivity is mediated by MCs accumulation, nerve growth, and neuromodulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1. Hence, KF treatment during the critical period of inflammation contributes to preventing chronic vulvar pain development.

show abstract

Section: Dovepresssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Early Inflammatory Events Leading to Provoked Vulvodynia Development in Rats

Awad-Igbaria¹,

Dadon²,

Shamir³

et al. 2022

JIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the patients with LPV were more likely to have Candida compared with the controls. Notably, other studies have reported a link between a history of vulvovaginal candidiasis outbreaks and the onset of LPV symptoms 31–33 . In addition, we found no significant difference in the presence of GBS between the 2 groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Notably, other studies have reported a link between a history of vulvovaginal candidiasis outbreaks and the onset of LPV symptoms. [31][32][33] In addition, we found no significant difference in the presence of GBS between the 2 groups. This is in disagreement with some studies that have shown an increase in the prevalence of certain strains of streptococci in women with LPV.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Changes in the Vaginal Microbiota of Women With Secondary Localized Provoked Vulvodynia

Awad-Igbaria

Palzur

Nasser

et al. 2022

J Low Genit Tract Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The etiology of localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) remains unknown, but observations suggest the involvement of the vaginal microbiota. We examined the vaginal microbiota of women with LPV and healthy controls, upon after a low-oxalate diet (LOD).Materials and Methods: A total of 9 women diagnosed with secondary LPV and 21 healthy controls were recruited from the Galilee Medical Center in Israel and subjected to prospective evaluations of their vaginal microbiota. Total DNA was extracted from vaginal discharge samples provided before and after following LOD for 3 weeks and was then subjected to 16S sequencing. Data obtained were then used to evaluate α and β diversity, identify differentially abundant bacterial taxa in LPV, and determine their impact on the metabolism.Results: These evaluations revealed decreased diversity in the vaginal microbiota of women with LPV and identified the Ochrobactrum genus and Pseudomonadaceae family as indicators for LPV. In addition, we identified 23 differentially expressed bacterial metabolic pathways between the LPV and control samples and revealed that LOD could induce changes in the β diversity of LPV vaginal microbiomes, which was further supported by some degree of pain reduction in patients.Conclusions: Localized provoked vulvodynia and LOD were associated with shifts in the vaginal microbiota. However, the impact of these changes on the development of LPV requires additional studies with a larger cohort.

show abstract

An Overview of Generalized and Localized Vulvodynia and Its Relationship to Female Sexual Dysfunction

Pope,

Austin,

Ghosalkar

2024

Curr Sex Health Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Localized Provoked Vulvodynia-An Ignored Vulvar Pain Syndrome

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of Early Inflammatory Events Leading to Provoked Vulvodynia Development in Rats

Characterization of Early Inflammatory Events Leading to Provoked Vulvodynia Development in Rats

Changes in the Vaginal Microbiota of Women With Secondary Localized Provoked Vulvodynia

An Overview of Generalized and Localized Vulvodynia and Its Relationship to Female Sexual Dysfunction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About