Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) still presents a therapeutic challenge. Questions: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between preoperative histopathological findings in female LS and long-term results after cryosurgery and intralesional steroid injections. Material and Methods: 22 females with LS, mean age 65.3 ± 10.5 years, were treated with cryosurgery (–186°C) using the contact method with 1 freeze-thaw cycle per lesion and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection. The time between surgery and follow-up examination was 27.8 ± 14.6 months. We compared the clinical outcome and the thickness of the epidermis, the zone of sclerosis and the inflammatory infiltrate in biopsy specimens taken before treatment. Results: In 14 of 22 patients, a relapse after cryosurgery occurred (median after 7.5 months). Patients would ‘moderately’ recommend cryosurgery for LS (2.2 ± 0.9; minimum: 0, optimum: 4). Pruritus was significantly reduced (visual analog scale: preoperative 7.1 ± 2.6 vs. postoperative 2.0 ± 2.4; p = 0.001) even in patients with relapse (preoperative 7.6 ± 2.4 vs. postoperative 3.1 ± 2.28; p = 0.001). Women with relapse showed a significantly higher composed thickness of epidermis, sclerosis and inflammatory infiltrate (430 ± 139.0 µm) than those without relapse (314 ± 41.2 µm; p = 0.046). Conclusion: In our patients, cryosurgery and intralesional steroid injections were efficient in the treatment of LS. Patients showing relapse had a thicker epidermis and a stronger inflammatory infiltrate. Therefore a treatment of LS should be performed at an early stage of the disease.