Localized KD-Tree Accelerated Beam Tracing Method for Modelling Complex Urban Environment Propagation

An Efficient Ray-Tracing Based Model Dedicated to Wireless Sensor Network Simulators for Smart Cities Environments

“…However, 3D RT can drastically slow down multi-path determination in a realistic city environment. Some optimization methods have been developed to keep computation times down to an acceptable level, such as AZ buffer [31], space-division methods [32]- [42], visibility pre-processing [43], [44], GPU implementation [45] and machine learning approach [22]. The calculation times for these methods are often not given.…”