Localized hair loss in infancy: a review

Abstract

Purpose of review The current review will address the different causes of localized hair loss in infancy. The data presented here will provide clinicians with the latest understanding of different disorders leading to localized hair loss and will provide recommendations for further management of infants who present with alopecia. Recent findings Localized hair loss in infancy is common, but its underlying causes vary greatly. Alopecia in infants can be categorized into congenital, genetic, inflammatory, mechanical, and physiologic causes. Decisions regarding further management are complex, as they often involve not only cosmetic concerns, but also work-up of possible systemic medical issues related to hair loss. Summary Clinicians must be able to distinguish between the different causes of infantile hair loss so that appropriate work-up and further management can be pursued. Factors such as physical appearance, timing of presentation, dermoscopic exam, histopathology, and associated systemic features can help lead clinicians to the correct diagnosis in the case of an infant with localized alopecia.

Noninfectious causes of alopecia in the pediatric population

“…Alopecia can manifest in different patterns, focal (localized) or diffuse (widespread), and can be temporary or permanent. Causative agents and etiologies of alopecia vary, but may include vascular, inflammatory, traumatic, autoimmune/allergic, iatrogenic/idiopathic, neoplastic, psychological/behavioral, genodermatosis, diet based, and endocrine origins [1 ▪▪ ,2 ▪ ]. In this study, we report on advances in the knowledge base surrounding noninfectious causes of alopecia in the pediatric population.…”

“…Hair loss or alopecia, can affect people of all ages, including children. It is not just a cosmetic issue, but can also be a sign of underlying health problems with significant psychological and emotional impacts on children and their parents, affecting their overall quality of life [1 ▪▪ ,2 ▪ ]. Understanding the difference between normal hair loss and alopecia is important.…”