The literature concerning protonic
ceramic devices is critically
reviewed focusing the reader’s attention on the structure,
composition, and phenomena taking place at solid–solid interfaces.
These interfaces play a crucial role in the overall device performance,
and the relevance of understanding the phenomena taking place at the
interfaces for the further improvement of electrochemical protonic
ceramic devices is therefore stressed. The grain boundaries and heterostructures
in electrolytic membranes, the electrode–electrolyte contacts,
and the interfaces within composite anode and cathode materials are
all considered, with specific concern to advanced techniques of characterization
and to computational modeling by ab initio approaches. An outlook
about future developments and improvements highlights the necessity
of a deeper insight into the advanced analysis of what happens at
the solid–solid interfaces and of in situ/operando investigations
that are presently sporadic in the literature on protonic ceramic
devices.