Localized corrosion of low-carbon steel at the nanoscale

Hayden, Steven C.; Chisholm, Claire; Grudt, Rachael; Aguiar, J. Albino; Mook, William; Kotula, Paul Gabriel; Pilyugina, Tatiana; Bufford, Daniel Charles; Hattar, Khalid Mikhiel; Kucharski, Timothy J.; Taie, Ihsan; Ostraat, Michele L.; Jungjohann, Katherine L.

doi:10.1038/s41529-019-0078-1

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[12,13] Unfortunately, the thus-achieved protection is not perfect. SS suffers in particular from a form of corrosion, called pitting, [3,[14][15][16][17] which starts locally, on a small scale but eventually can become very destructive. The conditions and processes that initiate, govern, and/or influence the onset of corrosion, in particular, the destruction of the passive layer are subject of intense research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Garai

Carlomagno

Solokha

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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An ≈4 nm FeCrNi film, deposited on a Ru/B4C multilayer (ML), is used to study cathodic hydrogen charging in electrolyte. A thin film on a ML allows obtaining precise quantitative information on surface metal composition and oxidation state using the X‐ray standing wave technique combined with near‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The metal composition is found being close to the composition of stainless steel (SS) 304, and, as for bulk steel, the outer 2 nm passive layer, consisting of oxidized iron and chromium, is depleted of nickel. Overall, it is found that the film represented a useful replica of the surface of bulk steel. Following exposure to 0.1 m KCl electrolyte at −0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl, 11.3 (±3)% swelling of the film by hydrogen absorption is observed. The estimated absorbed amount is exceeding reported bulk absorption under similar conditions by more than an order of magnitude. Strong hydrogen absorption appears to be enabled by the 2D character of the thin film, i.e., a significantly lower associated strain energy compared with bulk absorption. The strong surface swelling is suggested to be related to the lowering of the pitting corrosion resistance of SS surfaces reported following hydrogen exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Garai

Carlomagno

Solokha

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, a microfluidic cell was used to image the corrosion of carbon steel during exposure to a flowing solution containing Na 2 SO 4 , CO 2 , and O 2 . 403 Preferential corrosion at the interface of cementite and ferrite grains in the steel via a reinitiating galvanic corrosion mechanism was seen with nanometer resolution. A similar approach was taken to investigate the corrosion of pure Fe thin films exposed to water vapor.…”

Section: Descriptions Of Localized Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The development of in situ TEM capabilities has facilitated new views of corroding interfaces at scales not previously possible. For example, a microfluidic cell was used to image the corrosion of carbon steel during exposure to a flowing solution containing Na 2 SO 4 , CO 2 , and O 2 . Preferential corrosion at the interface of cementite and ferrite grains in the steel via a reinitiating galvanic corrosion mechanism was seen with nanometer resolution.…”

Section: Metal Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Corrosion Science Applicable To Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste

et al. 2021

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High-level radioactive waste is accumulating at temporary storage locations around the world and will eventually be placed in deep geological repositories. The waste forms and containers will be constructed from glass, crystalline ceramic, and metallic materials, which will eventually come into contact with water, considering that the period of performance required to allow sufficient decay of dangerous radionuclides is on the order of 105–106 years. Corrosion of the containers and waste forms in the aqueous repository environment is therefore a concern. This Review describes the recent advances of the field of materials corrosion that are relevant to fundamental materials science issues associated with the long-term performance assessment and the design of materials with improved performance, where performance is defined as resistance to aqueous corrosion. Glass, crystalline ceramics, and metals are discussed separately, and the near-field interactions of these different material classes are also briefly addressed. Finally, recommendations for future directions of study are provided.

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“…Reprinted from Chee et al, 98 with permission from Cambridge University Press. Reproduced from Hayden et al, 115 with permission from Springer Nature. The images were originally published as parts of three distinct figures.…”

Section: Figure Captionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of In Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy in Corrosion Studies: A Critical Review of Challenges and Achievements

et al. 2019

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Identifying corrosion initiation events in metals and alloys demands techniques that can provide temporal and spatial resolution simultaneously. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables one to obtain microstructural and chemical descriptors of materials at atomic/nanoscopic level and has been used in corrosion studies of many metal-electrolyte combinations. Conventionally, ex situ and quasi in situ TEM studies of pre- and post-corroded samples were performed, but possible experimental artifacts such as dehydrated surfaces might not fully represent the real interfacial conditions as compared to those when actually immersed in the electrolyte. Recent advances in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) allows for in situ monitoring morphological and even compositional evolutions in materials resulting from interaction with gas or liquid environments. Corrosion science, as a challenging field of research, can benefit from this unparalleled opportunity to investigate many complicated corroding systems in aqueous environments at high resolution. However, “real life” corrosion with LC-TEM is still not straightforward in implementation and there are limitations and challenging experimental considerations for conducting reliable examinations. Thus, this study has been devoted to discussing the challenges of in situ LC-TEM wherein state-of-the-art achievements in the field of relevance are reviewed.

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Localized corrosion of low-carbon steel at the nanoscale

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Swelling of Steel Film by Hydrogen Absorption at Cathodic Potential in Electrolyte

Recent Advances in Corrosion Science Applicable To Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste

Application of In Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy in Corrosion Studies: A Critical Review of Challenges and Achievements

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