Localized climatic responses during the 11 July 1991 eclipse: Phoenix AZ

Brazel, Anthony J.; Cerveny, Randall S.; Trapido, B. L.

doi:10.1007/bf01097335

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first point (given with reference to Frenzel, 1963) is typical for any topographically varying region on the globe and exactly matches the conditions experienced in this study. This effect was also emphasized by Anderson (1999), Vogel et al (2001), and Sjöblom Although such comparisons are one of the most used approaches to quantify the effects of solar eclipses (Owen and Jones, 1927;Shur, 1984;Brazel et al, 1993;Jain et al, 1997;Dutta et al, 1999;Dolas et al, 2002;Gorchakov et al, 2007;Chernogor, 2008;Gorchakov et al, 2008;Sjöblom, 2010 than what would be desirable for estimating temperature effects. Therefore, we employed the less widely used approach by Segal et al (1996) to fit a curvilinear interpolation over the period of occultation from first to fourth contact.…”

Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example Brazel et al (1993) performed a similar analysis of temperature effects using 16 weather stations in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, but were unable to analyse wind direction effects. They mention two reasons why this was not feasible: (1) the eclipse occured in the morning when the wind flow tends to reverse due to topographic heating in the Salt River Valley, and (2) several of the available stations did not record wind direction, but only wind speed.…”

Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response to Reviewer 2

Eugster¹

2017

Preprint

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We copy in the reviewer's comments and critique in blue and provide our response in black.Reviewer: This paper reports the effect of the solar eclipse in March 2015 on a network of measurement sites in Switzerland. The effects of topology are relevant for this region, and this is probably the most comprehensive study of eclipse meteorology over a multi-altitude network to date. The authors seem particularly interested in comparing two versions of the "cold cored cyclone" as presented by Clayton and modified by Aplin and Harrison, since the trajectory of the 2015 eclipse makes Switzerland ideal for such a test. Altogether this is a thorough and competent study, at a higher standard C1

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Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Reviewer 2

Eugster¹

2017

Preprint

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“…For example Brazel et al (1993) performed a similar analysis of temperature effects using 16 weather stations in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, but were unable to analyze wind direction effects. They mentioned two reasons why this was not feasible: (1) the eclipse occurred in the morning when the wind flow tends to reverse due to topographic heating in the Salt River Valley and (2) several of the available stations did not record wind direction but only wind speed.…”

Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although such comparisons are one of the most used approaches to quantify the effects of solar eclipses (Owen and Jones, 1927;Shur, 1984;Brazel et al, 1993;Jain et al, 1997;Dutta et al, 1999;Dolas et al, 2002;Gorchakov et al, 2007Gorchakov et al, , 2008Chernogor, 2008;Sjöblom, 2010;Muraleedharan et al, 2011;Murthy et al, 2013), in most cases weather conditions are rather variable and nonideal for direct comparisons. In Switzerland, the 20 March 2015 eclipse occurred when snow cover was disappearing at mountain locations around 1000 m a.s.l., and thus air temperatures varied more strongly from day to day than what would be desirable for estimating temperature effects.…”

Section: Comparison With Findings From Other Eclipsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The vernal equinox total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 produced a maximum occultation of 65.8-70.1 % over Switzerland during the morning hours (09:22 to 11:48 CET). Skies were generally clear over the Swiss Alps due to a persistent high-pressure band between the UK and Russia associated with a rather weak pressure gradient over the continent. To assess the effects of penumbral shading on near-surface meteorology across Switzerland, air temperature data measured at 10 min intervals at 184 MeteoSwiss weather stations were used. Wind speed and direction data were available from 165 of these stations. Additionally, six Swiss FluxNet eddy covariance flux (ECF) sites provided turbulent measurements at 20 Hz resolution.During maximum occultation, the temperature drop was up to 5.8 K at a mountain site where cold air can pool in a topographic depression. The bootstrapped average of the maximum temperature drops of all 184 MeteoSwiss sites during the solar eclipse was 1.51 ± 0.02 K (mean ± SE). A detailed comparison with literature values since 1834 showed a temperature decrease of 2.6 ± 1.7 K (average of all reports), with extreme values up to 11 K. On fair weather days under weak larger-scale pressure gradients, local thermotopographic wind systems develop that are driven by smallscale pressure and temperature gradients. At one ECF site, the penumbral shading delayed the morning transition from down-valley to up-valley wind conditions. At another site, it prevented this transition from occurring at all. Data from the 165 MeteoSwiss sites measuring wind direction did not show a consistent pattern of wind direction response to the passing of the penumbral shadow. These results suggest that the local topographic setting had an important influence on the temperature drop and the wind flow patterns during the eclipse. A significant cyclonic effect of the passing penumbral shadow was found in the elevation range ≈

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“…Complete days preceding or following the day of an eclipse are another popular choice to obtain reference values [37][38][39][40] , and 'similar' days in a more general sense have also been used 32,41 . This overcomes the issue with using persistence as estimation principle during rapid transition periods (sunrise/-set) and is useful if little information is available otherwise as to how a quantity (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression-based Gap-filling Methods Show Air Temperature Reductions and Wind Pattern Changes During the 2019 Total Eclipse in Chile

Hammann¹,

MacDonell²

2021

Preprint

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Singular disruptive events like solar eclipses affect the measured values of meteorological variables at the earth’s surface. To quantify such an impact, it is necessary to estimate what value the parameter would have taken had the event not occurred. We design and compare several methods to perform such an estimate based on longer observational timeseries from individual meteorological surface stations. Our methods are based on regularized regressions (including a Bayesian variant) and provide both a point an associated error estimate of the disruptive event’s impact. With their help, we study the effect of the total solar eclipse of July 2 nd , 2019, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile, on near-surface air temperatures and winds. The observational data used have been collected by the meteorological surface station network of the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA). Most stations inside the eclipse’s umbra registered a temperature drop of 1-2 • C, while the most extreme estimated temperature drop surpassed 6 • C. The presence of an ‘eclipse cyclone’ can neither be proven nor refuted. Application of the regression methods to other, comparable problems, like volcanic eruptions, forest fires or simply gap filling of observational data, are conceivable.

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Localized climatic responses during the 11 July 1991 eclipse: Phoenix AZ

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Response to Reviewer 2

Response to Reviewer 2

Effects of vernal equinox solar eclipse on temperature and wind direction in Switzerland

Regression-based Gap-filling Methods Show Air Temperature Reductions and Wind Pattern Changes During the 2019 Total Eclipse in Chile

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