Localized cell growth in ethephon-treated olive leaf abscission zone

Polito, Vito S.; Stallman, V.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(81)90088-1

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The same phenomenon has been described under similar experimental conditions and interpreted as a consequence of the ethylene treatment (Wright & Osborne, 1974;Gaspar et al, 1978;Jaffe & Goren, 1979;Polito & Stallmann, 1981). Osborne (1989) distinguishes the AZ cells, which enlarge as a direct response to ethylene (type 2 cells) from those of the adjacent regions whose enlargement may be due to an increase in auxin, determined in turn by ethylene (type 1 cells).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Abscission in leaf and fruit explants of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYStructural and enzymatic aspects of leaf and fruit abscission in explants treated with exogenous ethylene were studied and compared with those previously observed under field conditions. Light and electron microscopy observations reconfirm that differences in abscission occur in leaf and fruit, and in explants cell separation is accelerated, with a more dramatic degradation of the cell walls. In fruit, digestion starts from the middle lamella, and subsequently extends to the entire parietal mass. In the leaf the process involves the primary cell wall, leaving, at the end, undigested materials. In fruit the lytic activity is sustained by endocellulase, and by exo-as well as endopolygalacturonase. In the leaf only endocellulase activity has been found. Cell enlargement phenomena occur subsequent to abscission zone activation in both leaf and fruit explants, involving the cells of either the separation layer or the adjacent region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Abscission in leaf and fruit explants of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

et al. 1993

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“…Although cells at the separation layer often appeared enlarged, this was only after separation had occurred. Swelling of zone cells has been suggested as a functional component of the abscission process in a number of species (Wright and Osborne, 1974;Sexton and Redshaw, 1981;Osborne, 1989) and in some cases has been attributed to the effect of exogenous ethylene (Wright and Osborne, 1974;Gaspar et al, 1978;Jaffe and Goren, 1979;Polito and Stallmann, 1981). Osborne (1989) differentiated between cells that enlarge as a direct result of ethylene (type-2 cells) and adjacent cells (type-1 cells) that enlarge possibly because of an effect of auxin.…”

Section: Comparison Of Natural and Ethylene-induced Abscission-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a non‐abscission mutant in Lupinus angustifolius. I. Genetic and structural aspects

Clements¹,

Atkins

2001

American J of Botany

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A spontaneous mutant, Abs, that does not abscise any organs despite an apparently normal pattern of growth and senescence was isolated from among plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. 'Danja'. Abs was found to be a recessive single gene mutation, and it was proposed that the gene for the original mutant phenotype, referred to as Abs, be designated abs1. An artificially induced mutant allelic to abs1 was also obtained and a non-allelic mutant phenotype, Delabs (delayed abscission), which was designated abs2. Morphological and cytological features of the abscission process under conditions of natural and ethylene-induced senescence were compared in the wild-type parent and Abs mutant. In the parent genotype abscission under natural conditions is similar to many other species, consisting of a stage of cell division forming an abscission zone, activation of the cytoplasm of zone cells, dissolution of the middle lamella, disorganization of fibrillar wall structure, and cell separation. A slightly different pattern of abscission zone development was observed for ethylene-treated explants of the parent, mainly with respect to features of cell division and cell enlargement. In Abs no abscission occurred for any abscission sites under conditions of natural senescence or with ethylene treatment of small shoot explants. However, relatively normal abscission zones were differentiated at all sites in the mutant except that extensive cell wall disorganization did not occur. Ethylene production by leaves or other organs of the mutant was no different from that of Danja. Application of copper salts or hydrogen peroxide, droughting, waterlogging, or application of abscisic acid (ABA) increased ethylene production equally in both genotypes but did not result in abscission in the mutant. Release of root cap border cells, the only other cell separation process examined, was similar in each genotype. The study concludes that the mutation is quite specific to the abscission process and may be due to a lack of or delay in the expression of hydrolytic enzyme(s) associated specifically with abscission zone differentiation and separation.

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“…Using such chemicals is especially important in California, where most olives are harvested before reaching physiological maturity, and, as a consequence, FRF is high (Hartmann et al, 1968;Hartmann et al, 1975;Martin et al, 1981). Several chemicals have been tested as fruit-abscission promoters, and the best results have been with ethylene-releasing chemicals (ERCs) (Hartmann, 1973;Hartmann et al, 1968;Hartmann et al, 1970Hartmann et al, , 1975Hartmann et al, , 1976Lavee and Haskal, 1976;Jacobini and Tombesi, 1973;Martin et al, 1981;Polito and Stallman, 1981;Vitagliano, 1969). Only the ERC ethephon, which has been licensed for use in the United States on many edible crops (Kays and Beaudry, 1987), is likely to be approved for use on olive under present regulatory conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethephon Tissue Penetration and Harvest Effectiveness in Olive as a Function of Solution pH, Application Time, and BA or NAA Addition

Denney¹,

Martin²

1994

jashs

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Fruit removal force (FRF) and percent leaf drop (LD) of fruit-bearing olive (Olea europaea L.) shoots were examined 120 hours after being sprayed with ethephon at 600 mg·liter-1 and held under controlled-environmental conditions analogous to those found in the field in California at harvest time in mid-October. FRF was not significantly affected by solution pH, but FRF of all treated shoots was significantly lower than that of the untreated controls. Only at pH 5 was percent LD significantly greater than that of the controls, but, of the shoots treated with ethephon, the lowest percent LD occurred at pH 3. Percent LD after treatment with ethephon at pH 3 was not affected by application time, but FRF was significantly less than the controls' when shoots were treated at 7 am or 12 pm but not at 5 pm or 10 pm. Adding NAA to the ethephon solution raised FRF and adding BA lowered FRF compared to ethephon alone. Adding NAA or BA did not mitigate percent LD significantly. Adding BA advanced anthocyanin production in fruit. Ethephon penetration of rachides was ≈70% that of petioles. Correlation between ethephon penetration of petioles and percent LD was greater than that between penetration of rachides and FRF. Correlation was significant for both tissues only in the 12 pm pH 3 treatment; correlation was also significant for petiole penetration and percent LD at pH 5. Autoradiographic studies of the 14C-ethephon penetration showed no pH effect, greater penetration into petioles than rachides, and that radioactivity was limited largely to intercellular spaces, with accumulation in vascular bundles, especially xylem. Regardless of treatment, FRF and percent LD are negatively correlated (r2 = 0.615). Mean results to be expected using ethephon as an olive harvest aid under these conditions are an FRF of ≈3 N and a percent LD of ≈15%. The desired low FRF and percent LD were obtained by applying ethephon alone at pH 3 at 7 am. Raising ethephon solution pH does not increase harvest effectiveness. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

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Localized cell growth in ethephon-treated olive leaf abscission zone

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Abscission in leaf and fruit explants of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Abscission in leaf and fruit explants of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Characterization of a non‐abscission mutant in Lupinus angustifolius. I. Genetic and structural aspects

Ethephon Tissue Penetration and Harvest Effectiveness in Olive as a Function of Solution pH, Application Time, and BA or NAA Addition

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