Localized and targeted delivery of NSAIDs for treatment of inflammation: A review

Abstract

Inflammatory processes are increasingly being identified at the core of many different disease states (e.g. heart disease, cancer, diabetes). As such, anti-inflammatory strategies available through drug delivery have undergone renewed interest. Due to the systemic side effects of steroidal drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often preferred for long-term treatment of inflammation in a variety of applications. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally safe, there are some serious side effects that can be associated with their usage, particularly when given systemically or orally. Due to the high number of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the reduction or elimination of these side effects, such as is possible through local drug delivery, could have a very powerful effect on patient quality of life. This review comments on a sampling of existing methods for localized or targeted delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with the goal of helping future research groups to focus on bettering methods shown to be effective and filling the gaps of knowledge in this field. Additionally, commentary is made on the field as a whole, and the standardization issues that arise from its expansiveness and diversity. Impact statement This work provides an overview of research currently being done exploring potential drug delivery device strategies for NSAIDs as an alternative to systemic delivery. Commentary on this field is made in an attempt to aid future experimental design, enabling researchers to determine the drugs and delivery vehicles which are most advantageous for them to pursue, as well as suggestions to standardize the reporting of such future research.

Affinity Effects on the Release of Non-Conventional Antifibrotics from Polymer Depots

“…However, using cyclodextrins (CD) in a different line of work, we sought to provide a sustained delivery of small molecules for longer than their short, diffusion-based half-lives to better match the timeline of fibrosis and wound healing. Thus, we developed insoluble polymer depots with a high concentration of CD units to support repeated inclusion complex formation and sustain release based upon the drug-CD affinity interactions, which have been previously leveraged in antibiotic and anti-inflammatory applications [10][11][12][13]. While RIF has shown extended delivery via affinity-based methods [14,15], the release profiles of DFOA, MTP, and PYR using affinity-based polymers have not been studied (Table 1).…”

Engineering Selective Molecular Tethers to Enhance Suboptimal Drug Properties

“…Our group has previously shown that the loading and release of RAP can be improved utilizing polymerized cyclodextrins (pCD) [9]. pCD hydrogels have previously shown to successfully deliver small-molecule drugs on the scale of a few weeks leveraging thermodynamic interactions, or 'affinity', between hydrophobic molecules and cyclodextrin's hydrophobic complexation domain, or "pocket" [10,11,12,13,14]. pCD networks can be made into large macrostructures including disks and particles, which have been shown to load relatively high amounts of drugs while altering the window of release, resulting in an extended 'affinity-based' release rather than a purely diffusion-based release [15,16].…”

Eleusine indica Linn, Baertin (Poaceae) Ethanol Leaf Extract and Its Ethyl Acetate Fraction Display Potential Anti-inflammatory Activities

“…The cardinal signs of inflammation include hot inflamed site due to increase in blood flow towards the region, redness, and swelling due to vascular permeability, pain caused by the activation and sensitization of primary afferent neurons and lasting loss of function and mobility (14]. Pain and fever are the most common complaints associated with inflammation.…”