Localized adaptation processes in olfactory sensilla of Saturniid moths

Strausfeld, Camilla Zack; Kaissling, Karl-Ernst

doi:10.1093/chemse/11.4.499

Cited by 34 publications

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“…Quantity coding in response to adapting pheromone stimuli has been studied in extracellular tip recordings in saturniid moths, in which the different terms 'short-term' versus 'long-term' adaptation were coined for insect olfaction (Zack, 1979;Zack-Strausfeld and Kaissling, 1986;Kaissling et al, 1986Kaissling et al, , 1987. Concerning ORNs of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, however, there is only one study about olfactory adaptation in temporal coding of pheromone pulse trains (Marion-Poll and Tobin, 1992) and a few studies on quality odour coding (Kaissling et al, 1989;Kalinová et al, 2001).…”

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Adaptation in pheromone-sensitive trichoid sensilla of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Dolzer

Fischer

Stengl

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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While the transduction cascade of pheromone-sensitive olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in insects has been thoroughly investigated in vitro (Breer et al., 1988Boekhoff et al., 1990Boekhoff et al., , 1993Stengl et al., 1992;Stengl, 1993Stengl, , 1994Wegener et al., 1993Wegener et al., , 1997, little is known about olfactory adaptation and the mechanisms involved. Adaptation is a universal characteristic of receptor cells of all sensory modalities (Burkhardt, 1961). There are different definitions for the term 'adaptation' but implicit in any definition is a decrease in sensitivity due to the influence of a previous (conditioning) stimulus (Zack, 1979).Moths distinguish pheromone mixtures according to the concentration ratios of the different pheromone components. Thus, differentiation of pheromone concentrations is very crucial for recognition of prospective mates. Turbulences and wind velocities determine the structure of the pheromone filaments that stimulate the antenna of a flying moth. Thus, adapting and non-adapting pheromone stimuli of variable concentrations and stimulus durations reach different parts of the antenna at various time intervals. It is still unknown how the moth can recognize relevant pheromone ratios in various states of adaptation. In our study of pheromone-sensitive ORNs, we examine how adapting pheromone stimuli affect the encoding of different pheromone concentrations (quantity coding) in the intact moth. We distinguish the rapidly (within seconds to minutes) reversible reduction of sensitivity due to prior stimulation (short-term adaptation) from the decline in excitation, as seen during a phasic-tonic response to a stimulus of long duration (desensitization; Zufall and Leinders-Zufall, 2000). Thus, we compare quantity coding in response to short (50·ms) and long (1000·ms) pheromone stimuli, as possibly encountered during flight to the calling female. We do not examine the more slowly occurring (within several minutes to hours) reduction of sensitivity due to In extracellular tip recordings from long trichoid sensilla of male Manduca sexta moths, we studied dose-response relationships in response to bombykal stimuli of two different durations in the adapted and the non-adapted state. Bombykal-responsive cells could be distinguished from non-bombykal-sensitive cells in each trichoid sensillum because the bombykal-responsive cell always generated the action potentials of larger initial amplitude. The bombykal cell, which was recorded at a defined location within a distal flagellar annulus, can resolve at least four log 10-units of pheromone concentrations but is apparently unable to encode all stimulus durations tested. Parameters of the amplitudemodulated sensillar potential and the frequencymodulated action potential responses were examined in different states of adaptation. Evidence is presented for the existence of several mechanisms of adaptation, which affect distinct steps of the transduction cascade. After adapting pheromone stimuli, the sensillar potential rises to a lower ampl...

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confidence: 99%

Adaptation in pheromone-sensitive trichoid sensilla of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Dolzer

Fischer

Stengl

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…First, the pheromone-induced increase in cGMP concentration shows no relation to the dose-response behavior of the receptor potential amplitude (Schneider et al, 1967;Zack, 1979;Kaissling, 1986Kaissling, , 1987Zack Strausfeld and Kaissling, 1986;Kaissling et al, 1987). Second, the increased cGMP level persists for at least 10 min in intact animals and at least 30 min in isolated antennae, although the receptor potential returns within about 5 set after termination of the stimulus to half its resting value (Zack, 1979;Kaissling et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Either intact moths were stimulated with pheromone or antennae were freshly cut from the animals, quickly transferred into plastic test tubes, and exposed to an airstream for stimulation (100 ml/set). Pheromones were added by insertion of a filter paper (1.2 cmz) loaded with the indicated quantities into the air flow (for details, see Zack Strausfeld and Kaissling, 1986). Usually, after 10 set of stimulation the antennae were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and 500 ~1 of 6% cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrophysiological techniques. Recordings from either isolated branches or intact animals were made according to Zack Strausfeld and Kaissling (1986). The receptor potential amplitude was defined as the maximum deviation from the baseline during the 2 set stimulation period, while the nerve impulse response was determined by averaging the intervals between 11 consecutive impulses at maximum frequency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are discussed in the context of electrophysiological responses of the olfactory receptor cells (Schneider et al, 1967;Zack, 1979;Kaissling, 1986Kaissling, , 1987Zack Strausfeld and Kaissling, 1986;Kaissling et al, 1987). Additional electrophysiological measurements were made to study the changes in concentration of cyclic nucleotides and recovery after adaptation under identical stimulus conditions in intact animals and isolated antennae.…”

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Cyclic GMP levels and guanylate cyclase activity in pheromone-sensitive antennae of the silkmoths Antheraea polyphemus and Bombyx mori

et al. 1990

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Female sex pheromones applied to freshly isolated, living antennae of male Antheraea polyphemus and Bombyx mori led to an increase of cGMP. A 1:1 mixture of 2 pheromone components of Antheraea polyphemus blown for 10 sec in physiological concentrations over their antennal branches raised cGMP levels about 1.34-fold (+/- 0.08 SEM, n = 23) from a basal level of 3.0 +/- 0.6 (SEM, n = 20) pmol/mg protein. Similarly, bombykol elicited a 1.29-fold (+/- 0.13 SEM, n = 23) cGMP increase in antennae of male Bombyx mori from a basal level of 2.7 +/- 0.5 (SEM, n = 24) pmol/mg protein. No cross-sensitivity was found with respect to pheromones from either species. In antennae of female silkmoths, the cGMP response was missing upon stimulation with their own respective pheromones according to the known lack of pheromone receptor cells in the female. cAMP levels in the male antennae of 14.2 +/- 2.9 (SEM, n = 4) pmol/mg protein in A. polyphemus and 15.0 +/- 3.0 (SEM, n = 5) pmol/mg protein in B. mori were not affected by pheromone stimulation. Within 1–60 sec, the extent of cGMP increase in B. mori was independent of the duration of pheromone exposure. The levels of cGMP in pheromone- stimulated antennae of both species remained elevated for at least 10 min, i.e., much longer than the duration of the receptor potential measured in single-cell recordings. Guanylate cyclase activity was identified in homogenates of male and female antennae from both species. The Km of the guanylate cyclase from male B. mori for the preferential substrate MnGTP was 175 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Responses of Insect Olfactory Neurons to Single Pheromone Molecules

Kaissling

2019

Olfactory Concepts of Insect Control - Alternative to Insecticides

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Localized adaptation processes in olfactory sensilla of Saturniid moths

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Adaptation in pheromone-sensitive trichoid sensilla of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Adaptation in pheromone-sensitive trichoid sensilla of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Cyclic GMP levels and guanylate cyclase activity in pheromone-sensitive antennae of the silkmoths Antheraea polyphemus and Bombyx mori

Responses of Insect Olfactory Neurons to Single Pheromone Molecules

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