Localized accumulation of tubulin during semi-open mitosis in the<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>embryo

Hayashi, Hanako; Kimura, Kenji; Kimura, Asako

doi:10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0815

Cited by 36 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…However, spindles may need to concentrate many components in order to support spatially and temporally diverse reactions. Consistently, tubulin and some SAFs are shown to be concentrated in the region where nascent spindle begins to assemble in C. elegans embryos (Hayashi et al, 2012). This concentration process is independent of MTs but it requires nuclear envelope permeabilization and RanGTPase, which stimulates spindle assembly (Kalab et al, 1999; Ohba et al, 1999; Wilde and Zheng, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Phase Transition of Spindle-Associated Protein Regulate Spindle Apparatus Assembly

Jiang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2015

Cell

251

265

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Spindle assembly required during mitosis depends on microtubule polymerization. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved low-complexity protein, BuGZ, undergoes phase transition or coacervation to promote assembly of both spindles and their associated components. BuGZ forms temperature-dependent liquid droplets alone or on microtubules in physiological buffers. Coacervation in vitro or in spindle and spindle matrix depends on hydrophobic residues in BuGZ. BuGZ coacervation and its binding to microtubules and tubulin are required to promote assembly of spindle and spindle matrix in Xenopus egg extract and in mammalian cells. Since several previously identified spindle-associated components also contain low complexity regions, we propose that coacervating proteins may be a hallmark of proteins that comprise a spindle matrix that functions to promote assembly of spindles by concentrating its building blocks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Phase Transition of Spindle-Associated Protein Regulate Spindle Apparatus Assembly

Jiang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2015

Cell

251

265

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“…The remnant NE is clearly permeable to cytoplasmic proteins, but it may prevent organelles from interfering with spindle assembly, elongation, and/or chromosome segregation, as was described in other systems (Smyth et al 2012;Schlaitz et al 2013;Schweizer et al 2015). Moreover, the remnant NE in C. elegans encapsulates a region in which certain proteins, such as tubulin, can accumulate despite the absence of a permeability barrier (Hayashi et al 2012). How this compartmentalization is achieved is not known, but one could imagine that a distinct environment may be sustained via signals emanating from the chromosomes, as is the case for the RanGTP gradient (Kalab et al 2002).…”

Section: Ne Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

Cohen-Fix

Askjaer

2017

Genetics

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Studies on the Caenorhabditis elegans nucleus have provided fascinating insight to the organization and activities of eukaryotic cells. Being the organelle that holds the genetic blueprint of the cell, the nucleus is critical for basically every aspect of cell biology. The stereotypical development of C. elegans from a one cell-stage embryo to a fertile hermaphrodite with 959 somatic nuclei has allowed the identification of mutants with specific alterations in gene expression programs, nuclear morphology, or nuclear positioning. Moreover, the early C. elegans embryo is an excellent model to dissect the mitotic processes of nuclear disassembly and reformation with high spatiotemporal resolution. We review here several features of the C. elegans nucleus, including its composition, structure, and dynamics. We also discuss the spatial organization of chromatin and regulation of gene expression and how this depends on tight control of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Finally, the extensive connections of the nucleus with the cytoskeleton and their implications during development are described. Most processes of the C. elegans nucleus are evolutionarily conserved, highlighting the relevance of this powerful and versatile model organism to human biology.KEYWORDS Caenorhabditis elegans; chromatin; gene expression; lamin; LEM-domain proteins; LINC; P granule; nuclear pore complex; nuclear envelope; nucleocytoplasmic transport; nucleolus; WormBook TABLE OF CONTENTSAbstract 25 C. elegans as a model system to study cell biology of the nucleus 26 Structural components of the nucleus 27

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“…Interestingly, rupturing is not a result of forces exerted by the spindle, but rather a programed cell cycle event, the regulation and mechanism of which remain to be discovered 11 . In the early embryonic divisions of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans the nuclear envelope is breached in pro-metaphase, allowing diffusion of cytoplasmic proteins into the nuclear space 13 . A similar phenomenon is seen during Drosophila syncytial divisions, where the nuclear envelope displays a partial disassembly of nuclear pore complexes and fenestrations near the centrosomes, thereby allowing microtubules to access the chromosomes 14 , 15 .…”

Section: The Nuclear Envelope During Mitosis: Anything But Staticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope

Arnone¹,

Walters

Cohen-Fix

2013

Nucleus

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In eukaryotes, chromosomes are encased by a dynamic nuclear envelope. In contrast to metazoans, where the nuclear envelope disassembles during mitosis, many fungi including budding yeast undergo “closed mitosis,” where the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout the cell cycle. Consequently, during closed mitosis the nuclear envelope must expand to accommodate chromosome segregation to the two daughter cells. A recent study by Witkin et al. in budding yeast showed that if progression through mitosis is delayed, for example due to checkpoint activation, the nuclear envelope continues to expand despite the block to chromosome segregation. Moreover, this expansion occurs at a specific region of the nuclear envelope- adjacent to the nucleolus- forming an extension referred to as a “flare.” These observations raise questions regarding the regulation of nuclear envelope expansion both in budding yeast and in higher eukaryotes, the mechanisms confining mitotic nuclear envelope expansion to a particular region and the possible consequences of failing to regulate nuclear envelope expansion during the cell cycle.

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Localized accumulation of tubulin during semi-open mitosis in theCaenorhabditis elegansembryo

Cited by 36 publications

References 77 publications

Phase Transition of Spindle-Associated Protein Regulate Spindle Apparatus Assembly

Phase Transition of Spindle-Associated Protein Regulate Spindle Apparatus Assembly

Cell Biology of theCaenorhabditis elegansNucleus

The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope

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