Localization, regulation and functions of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in cervical sympathetic ganglia

Klimaschewski, Lars; Kummer, Wolfgang; Heym, Christine

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19960901)35:1<44::aid-jemt5>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 362 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…for easy accessibility; and (4) the synaptic structure of these sympathetic neurons is similar to those of the CNS (Klimaschewski et al, 1994(Klimaschewski et al, , 1996Taxi and Eugene, 1995). Neuronal injury (axotomy) was achieved with this model by cutting the internal and external carotid nerves as they exit from the ganglion body.…”

Section: Hud Binds Ache Transcripts In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA-Binding Protein HuD Binds Acetylcholinesterase mRNA in Neurons and Regulates its Expression after Axotomy

Deschênes‐Furry¹,

Mousavi²,

Bolognani³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After axotomy, expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is greatly reduced in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG); however, the molecular events involved in this response remain unknown. Here, we first examined AChE mRNA levels in the brain of transgenic mice that overexpress human HuD. Both in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that AChE transcript levels were increased by more than twofold in the hippocampus of HuD transgenic mice. Additionally, direct interaction between the HuD transgene product and AChE mRNA was observed. Next, we examined the role of HuD in regulating AChE expression in intact and axotomized rat SCG neurons. After axotomy of the adult rat SCG neurons, AChE transcript levels decreased by 50 and 85% by the first and fourth day, respectively. In vitro mRNA decay assays indicated that the decrease in AChE mRNA levels resulted from changes in the stability of presynthesized transcripts. A combination of approaches performed using the region that directly encompasses an adenylate and uridylate (AU)-rich element within the AChE 3Ј-untranslated region demonstrated a decrease in RNA-protein complexes in response to axotomy of the SCG and, specifically, a decrease in HuD binding. After axotomy, HuD transcript and protein levels also decreased. Using a herpes simplex virus construct containing the human HuD sequence to infect SCG neurons in vivo, we found that AChE and GAP-43 mRNA levels were maintained in the SCG after axotomy. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that AChE expression in neurons of the rat SCG is regulated via post-transcriptional mechanisms that involve the AU-rich element and HuD.

show abstract

Section: Hud Binds Ache Transcripts In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA-Binding Protein HuD Binds Acetylcholinesterase mRNA in Neurons and Regulates its Expression after Axotomy

Deschênes‐Furry¹,

Mousavi²,

Bolognani³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, a massive increase of NADPHd activity has been discerned from many of postganglionic SCG neurons in the adult rat after colchicine treatment and postganglionic nerve trunk ligation [25]. In the present study, a substantial number of cells with intense NOS immunoreactivity, which are definitely much greater than NOS-IR or NADPHd-positive cells observed in the SCG of mammals [14,27] other than dog [12], have been visualized in the corresponding sympathetic ganglion of the quail under normal condition. Similar result has also been noted in the chicken SCG [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postganglionic SCG and SG neurons, as well as other sympathetic ganglion cells, utilize noradrenalin and neuropeptide Y as the major neurotransmitters or neuromodulators [9]. Besides these neurochemical substances, neurons synthesizing nitric oxide (NO) and those containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have been ascertained to be localized in the SCG and SG in a variety of mammalian species [14,27]. Cervical sympathetic neurons with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or VIP immunoreactivity are virtually equipped with no catecholamine markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-βhydroxylase, and can be divided into three categories that are positive for NOS or VIP alone, or for both [1,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colocalization of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivities in Postganglionic Neurons of the Quail Superior Cervical Ganglion

Itoh

Takaki

Andō

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The colocalization of immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) was investigated in the quail. In this bird, a substantial amount of NOS-immunoreactive (IR) cells were consistently found in the SCG without colchicine treatment or nerve ligation. The finding worthy of pointing out was that three-fourths of these NOS-IR cells were positive for TH. VIP-IR cells appeared with markedly low frequency than NOS-IR cells. They were generally small in size and often located in the ganglion peripheral. There were no VIP-IR cells positive for TH or negative for NOS: VIP immunoreactivity always appears in NOS-IR cells negative for TH. Thus, the results of the present study clearly showed the existence of two distinct subpopulations of postganglionic NOS-IR neurons (one is catecholaminergic and negative for VIP, and the other is non-catecholaminergic and positive for VIP). This suggests that nitric oxide (NO) and possibly VIP act as postganglionic neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the quail SCG. The predominant appearance of the former category of NOS-IR cells must be considered in relation to some specific NO-induced controlling mechanisms of SCG neurons. KEY WORDS: nitric oxide synthase, quail, superior cervical ganglion, tyrosine hydroxylase, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

show abstract

“…The superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCSG), which is the most cranial and largest of the 3 cervical ganglia, coordinates and transfers sympathetic outputs to specific targets in the head and neck, including the blood vessels, iris, and salivary glands (1). One cadaveric study determined that the SCSG is usually located between the internal carotid artery and the longus capitis muscle at the level of the C2 vertebra (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enlarged Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Mimicking a Metastatic Lymph Node in the Retropharyngeal Space: A Case Report

Kim

et al. 2017

J Korean Soc Radiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Localization, regulation and functions of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in cervical sympathetic ganglia

Cited by 49 publications

References 362 publications

The RNA-Binding Protein HuD Binds Acetylcholinesterase mRNA in Neurons and Regulates its Expression after Axotomy

The RNA-Binding Protein HuD Binds Acetylcholinesterase mRNA in Neurons and Regulates its Expression after Axotomy

Colocalization of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivities in Postganglionic Neurons of the Quail Superior Cervical Ganglion

Enlarged Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Mimicking a Metastatic Lymph Node in the Retropharyngeal Space: A Case Report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About