Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to central and peripheral neurons.

Li, Larsson; Fahrenkrug, Jan; Muckadell, Ove B Schaffalitzky de; Sundler, F.; Håkanson, R.; Rehfeld, J R

doi:10.1073/pnas.73.9.3197

Cited by 484 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been detected in the brain (10)(11)(12), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been found in earthworm neurons and processes (13), and bombesin may be present in the brain (14). Conversely, neurotensin (15) and opioids (16) have been discovered in the digestive system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Robberecht¹,

Deschodt-Lanckman²,

Vanderhaeghen³

1978

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The previously described peptidic material that reacts with antibodies to gastrin and is found in the central nervous system of various vertebrates is present in only the 100,000 X g pellet of postmortem human cerebral cortical irey matter. This immunoreactive material, extractable in boiing water, is biologically active on rat pancreatic preparations. On the basis of size, charge, immunological specificity, and patterns of biological activity, most of this material is closely related to the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin in its complete, sulfated biologically active form.A number of hypothalamic peptides, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (1), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (2), somatostatin (3), and substance P (4), have been shown to be present in the cerebral cortex. It has been hypothesized that the extrahypothalamic localization of these peptides may result from the existence of peptidergic hypothalamocortical pathways (5). Some of these hypothalamic peptides, such as substance P and somatostatin (6, 7), have also been detected in the digestive tract.These observations, and Pearse's theory (8) of an embryological relationship between the nervous system and gut endocrine cells, have led Vanderhaeghen et al. (9) to search for and find immunologically active gastrin-like peptidic material (BGP) in the central nervous system (CNS) of various vertebrates. BGP was found at concentrations as high as 30 pmol of gastrin equivalent per g of wet weight. This raises the possibility of synthesis of BGP within the CNS. Because concentrations of BGP were maximal in the cerebral cortex and striatum, a hypothalamic origin of BGP is unlikely. Elution patterns of BGP on Sephadex G-50 show a lower molecular weight than gastrin-(2-17)-hexadecapeptide, and the analysis of radioimmunoassay dose-response curves shows immunological differences between gastrin-(2-17)-hexadecapeptide and BGP.The search for digestive peptides in the CNS is currently expanding rapidly. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been detected in the brain (10-12), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been found in earthworm neurons and processes (13), and bombesin may be present in the brain (14). Conversely, neurotensin (15) and opioids (16) have been discovered in the digestive system. From the above considerations emerges the concept of the existence of a large number of peptides common to the nervous and digestive systems.The existence of BGP has been confirmed by several authors. The differences reported between gastrin and BGP (9) have been explained by the close immunuological relationship of BGP

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Robberecht¹,

Deschodt-Lanckman²,

Vanderhaeghen³

1978

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…It is distributed in nervous elements throughout the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (Bryant et al, 1976;Larsson et al, 1976;Said and Rosenberg, 1976), and is also present in endocrine cells (Polak et al, 1974;Buffa et al, 1977). After the development of a radioimmunoassay for VIP, the plasma levels of IR-VIP have been determined in normal and diseased states (Poak and Bloom, 1982), although the values reported differed, probably owing to differences in the antisera and assay procedures used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Matsumura

Saito

1989

Endocrinol Japon

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“…After rinsing in sucrose and cryostat sectioning, the tissues were processed as described (9). Briefly, the sections were incubated in a humid atmosphere at 4°C for [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In vivo experiments were performed in six cats anesthetized with chloralose (50 mg/kg) and urethane (100 mg/kg). Intestinal blood flow was recorded via a polyethylene catheter in the superior mesenteric vein connected to a closed silicone-filled drop chamber.…”

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confidence: 99%

Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on intestinal blood flow and motility.

Lundberg¹,

Tatemoto²,

Terenius³

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In immunohistochemical studies using antisera to peptide YY (PYY), a 36 amino acid polypeptide isolated from porcine duodenum, it was found that PYY-like immunoreactivity occurred mainly in endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. PYY-immunoreactive cells were particularly abundant in the distal intestine and have been observed in five species, including man. By radioimmunoassay it was found that, in the rat, the amount of PYY immunoreactivity was about 100-fold higher in the colon than in the duodenum. The chromatographic profiles of PYY immunoreactivity from the rat colon and porcine PYY on a SP-Sephadex ion exchanger were similar. Furthermore, serial dilutions of extracts from the rat colon and porcine PYY had parallel displacement curves in radioimmunoassay. Close intraartei..d administration of PYY in cats caused an intestinal vasoconstriction and an inhibition ofjejunal and colonic motility. Simultaneously there was a rise in systemic arterial blood pressure. These effects of PYY were also observed after pretreatment with adrenergic blocking agents. It is concluded that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide that is present mainly in endocrine cells of distal intestine and that has effects on both intestinal motility and the cardiovascular system. Pancreatic polypeptides (PPs) of 36 amino acids have been isolated from the pancreata of several species (1-3). Immunohistochemical studies suggest that a PP-like substance is also present in neurons (4,5). Recently a peptide with structural similarities to PP, peptide YY [PYY, the peptide (P) having NH2-terminal tyrosine (Y) and COOH-terminal tyrosine (Y) amide], has been isolated from porcine duodenum by making use ofan assay for its COOH-terminal tyrosine amide structure (6,7). In the present communication we report on the cellular localization of PYY, measurements and characterization using radioimmunoassay, and some of its effects on gastrointestinal functions. The results indicate that PYY is localized in gut endocrine cells of several species, including man, particularly in middle and distal intestine. Furthermore, PYY has a vasoconstrictor action and inhibits jejunal and colonic motility. We therefore propose that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide with paracrine or hormonal actions. MATERIALS AND METHODSPYY isolated from porcine duodenum was used (6). Antisera to PYY were produced in rabbits by using a direct immunization procedure. PYY (50-100 ,g) was emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and injected intradermally at multiple sites. Booster doses were given subcutaneously at 2-week intervals for 2 months.PYY was labeled with "2I to a high specific activity (about The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement' in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 4471200 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 becquerels) by using the chloramine-T method (8). The peptide was separated from free iodine by chromatography on a small Sephadex G-25 col...

show abstract

Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to central and peripheral neurons.

Cited by 484 publications

References 16 publications

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on intestinal blood flow and motility.

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