Localization of the human glucagon gene (&lt;i&gt;GCG&lt;/i&gt;) to chromosome segment 2q36→37

Schroeder, W. T.; López, Luís C.; Harper, Mary‐Ellen; Saunders, GF

doi:10.1159/000132034

Cited by 34 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Partial DNA sequences of human (15) and rat (16) genomic glucagon clones reveal that the coding regions for glucagon, GLP-1 and GLP-2 are located on separate exons, leading to the speculation that the two glucagon-like peptides arose by exon duplication. In situ hybridization studies place the human gene in band q36-37 on chromosome 2 (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the human ghicagon gene

1986

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A clone containing the complete human glucagon gene was isolated and sequenced. The gene is approximately 9.4 kilobases in length and comprises six exons and five introns. The putative preproglucagon encoded by this gene, 180 amino acids in length and containing glucagon and two glucagon-like peptides, is very similar to that of other mammalian species (greater than 90% amino acid sequence homology). There is 88% nucleotide sequence homology between the proximal 130 base pairs of the 5' flanking regions of the human and rat glucagon genes. These sequences, highly conserved throughout evolution, are likely involved in the regulation of glucagon gene transcription.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the human ghicagon gene

1986

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“…However, the sensitivity of the nonautoradiographic procedures has not yet reached the level attainable with procedures using radioisotopes. For example, by using (cloned) nucleic acid probes of high specific radioactivity (1-6 x lo7 3H d p d p g ) and exposure times of 1 to 4 weeks, it is possible, by statistical analysis of 10 to 100 metaphase plates, to assign unique DNA sequences of 1.0 to 15.0 kb to specific chromosomal locations (18,23,36,41) a sensitivity that is not yet obtained using nonautoradiographic procedures.Consequently, attempts are being made to increase the sensitivity of the nonautoradiographic methods. Improvement of sensitivity can be envisaged at the level of the nucleic acid hybridization reaction, the immunological detection system, and the microscope (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Denaturation, renaturation, and loss of DNA during in situ hybridization procedures

et al. 1986

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With the aim of optimizing in situ hybridization methods, alkaline, acid, and thermal denaturation procedures have been studied for their ability to separate the DNA strands of nuclear DNA and for the DNA losses they induce. Isolated methanol/acetic acid-fixed mouse liver nuclei have been used as a biological object. The results, obtained with acridine orange staining and microfluorometry, show that all denaturations studied lead to almost complete strand separation. Quantitative DNA staining and cytometry indicated that with heat and alkaline denaturation about 40% of the DNA is lost. Acid denaturation led to about 20% DNA loss. For the alkaline denaturation, the DNA retention could be improved to a 20% DNA loss by adding 70% ethanol to the denaturation medium. During hybridization, another 20% DNA loss occurs.When denatured nuclei are brought under annealing conditions, a rapid renaturation of a considerable fraction of the remaining DNA occurs. The extent of renaturation was dependent on the type of denaturation used. For the ethanolic alkaline denaturation, it was estimated to be 35% Quantitative nonautoradiographic in situ hybridization experiments with acetylaminofluorene-modified mouse satellite DNA showed that alkaline denaturation procedures are superior to the heat and acid denaturation.As proven by acridine orange fluorescence measurements, hybridization conditions can be designed that permit DNA.RNA hybridization under in situ DNA.DNA denaturing conditions. These conditions should be very useful, especially for in situ hybridization with single-stranded RNA probes.Key terms: Acetyl aminofluorene, cytometry, acridine orange, gallocyanin chrome alum, nonradioactive hybridizationIn recent years, DNA and RNA labeling techniques have been developed to permit nonautoradiographic visualization of specific nucleic acid sequences in microscopic preparations. These procedures already show their superiority over autoradiographic techniques with respect to convenience and topological resolution (2,5,27,34,39,43,47). However, the sensitivity of the nonautoradiographic procedures has not yet reached the level attainable with procedures using radioisotopes. For example, by using (cloned) nucleic acid probes of high specific radioactivity (1-6 x lo7 3H d p d p g ) and exposure times of 1 to 4 weeks, it is possible, by statistical analysis of 10 to 100 metaphase plates, to assign unique DNA sequences of 1.0 to 15.0 kb to specific chromosomal locations (18,23,36,41) a sensitivity that is not yet obtained using nonautoradiographic procedures.Consequently, attempts are being made to increase the sensitivity of the nonautoradiographic methods. Improvement of sensitivity can be envisaged at the level of the nucleic acid hybridization reaction, the immunological detection system, and the microscope (28). However, the result of an in situ hybridization procedure is also dependent on processes such as denaturation, renaturation, and loss of DNA. We have analyzed these processes for several denaturations to get more informati...

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“…1986;Modi et al, 1988). the glucagon gene (Gcg; Schroeder et al, 1984;Lalley et al, 1987). and the a subunit genes of brain sodium channel (Scn2a; Litt et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of the gene coding for the muscle protein nebulin <i>(Neb</i>) to the proximal region of mouse Chromosome 2

Schurr

Skamene²,

Gros³

1991

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Using five different series of recombinant inbred (RI) strains, we have mapped the gene encoding nebulin, a muscle-specific protein. The strain distribution pattern of Neb-specific RFLPs segregating in the RI strains showed significant concordance with those of Pmv-7 and Hc, two loci previously located to proximal mouse Chromosome 2. The gene order, intergene distances, and confidence intervals were determined according to standard maximum likelihood estimates as: centromere-Hc-5.4 cM (1.4 cM-15.4 cM; 95% confidence interval)- Neb-3.6 cM (1.5–6.7 cM)-Pmv-7.

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Localization of the human glucagon gene (<i>GCG</i>) to chromosome segment 2q36→37

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Structure of the human ghicagon gene

Structure of the human ghicagon gene

Denaturation, renaturation, and loss of DNA during in situ hybridization procedures

Mapping of the gene coding for the muscle protein nebulin <i>(Neb</i>) to the proximal region of mouse Chromosome 2

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