Abstract:Resistin-like molecule-β/found in inflammatory zone 2 (RELM-β/FIZZ2) is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that is localized in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and lung alveoli. Previous reports have suggested that this protein regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation. In the present study, to analyze the involvement of RELM-β/FIZZ2 in tooth development, we immunohistochemically examined the localization of RELM-β/FIZZ2 in tooth germs of embryonic days (E) 15-20 and postnatal days (P) 7-42 rat… Show more
“…1 H,P). These localizations of analyzed proteins and TRAP activity were consistent with the results of previous studies regarding periostin 19 , DSP 20 , 23 , cytokeratin 21 , nestin 22 , and TRAP 24 . Figure 1 Baseline tooth, untreated control tooth, and pulpotomized tooth.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…However, REP experiments in rat molars may be possible by using a microscope and small instruments, based on a root canal treatment model in rat molars 18 . In rat molars, precise identification of mineralized and connective tissues can be performed by means of immunohistochemistry with well-characterized antibodies [19][20][21][22] . These methods enable detailed classification of healing patterns after REPs.…”
When regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are performed on immature teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, various healing patterns occur. Furthermore, infected immature teeth with endodontic disorders often exhibit some remnant pulp and apical tissue. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of remnant healthy or fully functional pulp and apical tissue on healing patterns after REPs. Simulated REPs were performed on non-infected immature rat molars with different amounts of remnant pulp and apical tissue. Healing patterns in these teeth were assessed after 28 days. Teeth with 0.81–0.91 mm of remnant pulp healed with pulp-like tissue, dentin, and osteodentin-like dentin-associated mineralized tissue (OSD-DAMT); teeth with 0.60–0.63 mm of remnant pulp healed with pulp-like tissue and OSD-DAMT; teeth with 0.13–0.43 mm of remnant pulp healed with periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue, OSD-DAMT, and cementum-like dentin-associated mineralized tissue (CEM-DAMT); and teeth with disorganization of pulp and apical tissues at 0.15–0.38 mm beyond the root apex healed with PDL-like tissue, CEM-DAMT, and intracanal bone (IB). Loss of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath was observed with IB formation. These results showed that four distinct healing patterns occurred after REPs, depending on the preoperative amount of remnant healthy pulp and apical tissue.
“…1 H,P). These localizations of analyzed proteins and TRAP activity were consistent with the results of previous studies regarding periostin 19 , DSP 20 , 23 , cytokeratin 21 , nestin 22 , and TRAP 24 . Figure 1 Baseline tooth, untreated control tooth, and pulpotomized tooth.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…However, REP experiments in rat molars may be possible by using a microscope and small instruments, based on a root canal treatment model in rat molars 18 . In rat molars, precise identification of mineralized and connective tissues can be performed by means of immunohistochemistry with well-characterized antibodies [19][20][21][22] . These methods enable detailed classification of healing patterns after REPs.…”
When regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are performed on immature teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, various healing patterns occur. Furthermore, infected immature teeth with endodontic disorders often exhibit some remnant pulp and apical tissue. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of remnant healthy or fully functional pulp and apical tissue on healing patterns after REPs. Simulated REPs were performed on non-infected immature rat molars with different amounts of remnant pulp and apical tissue. Healing patterns in these teeth were assessed after 28 days. Teeth with 0.81–0.91 mm of remnant pulp healed with pulp-like tissue, dentin, and osteodentin-like dentin-associated mineralized tissue (OSD-DAMT); teeth with 0.60–0.63 mm of remnant pulp healed with pulp-like tissue and OSD-DAMT; teeth with 0.13–0.43 mm of remnant pulp healed with periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissue, OSD-DAMT, and cementum-like dentin-associated mineralized tissue (CEM-DAMT); and teeth with disorganization of pulp and apical tissues at 0.15–0.38 mm beyond the root apex healed with PDL-like tissue, CEM-DAMT, and intracanal bone (IB). Loss of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath was observed with IB formation. These results showed that four distinct healing patterns occurred after REPs, depending on the preoperative amount of remnant healthy pulp and apical tissue.
“…The study showed that REG3y was almost not expressed in the intestinal tract of sterile mice, and the expression of REG3y was significantly increased after the normal flora was colonized (Cash et al, 2006). The expression of RemLp is mainly regulated by Th2 cytokines, which play an essential role in the process of innate immunity and host defense (Hosoya et al, 2017).…”
Escherichia coli is an important zoonotic pathogen causing intestinal diseases. In recent years, due to the unreasonable use of antibiotics, the drug resistance of bacteria has been increasing, and the proportion of multi-drug resistant strains has also been rising, which directly threatens the health of animals and humans. The antimicrobial peptide MPX was isolated from wasp venom and had better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Studies have found that MPX had better bactericidal activity against E. coli in vitro. However, whether MPX also has better bactericidal activity in mice is still unknown. This study found that E. coli infected mice lost appetite, diarrhea, and grouping together, while MPX treatment significantly alleviated these symptoms. The autopsy results found that the intestinal congestion, bleeding, thinning of the intestinal wall, yellow viscous fluid in the intestinal cavity, congestion of the lungs, necrosis in the liver, congestion, and bleeding of the spleen, and MPX treatment effectively relieved the above symptoms. The qRT-PCR results found that MPX could increase the mRNA expression of the antibacterial protein TFF3 in the jejunum and colon and reduce the expression of the antibacterial protein Remlβ and REG3γ in the jejunum and colon. H&E staining results further found that MPX could alleviate the pathological damage of mouse intestines and organs caused by E. coli infection. The above results show that MPX has good bactericidal activity against E. coli infection in mice, providing an essential reference for screening drugs for the clinical treatment of E. coli infection.
“…Lactobacillus ( L. gasseri and L. reuteri ) are increased in RELMβ-deficient mice following MCD diet feeding, which may be involved in the protection from impaired gut permeability [ 120 ]. Moreover, RELMβ is secreted by the inner enamel epithelium and localized at the lower edge of the dentin surface facing the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) and dental follicle in rats, which might be involved in cementogenesis [ 121 ].…”
Section: Relms Are Involved In Multiple Diseasesmentioning
Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly cysteine-rich proteins, including RELMα, RELMβ, Resistin, and RELMγ. However, RELMs exhibit significant differences in structure, distribution, and function. The expression of RELMs is regulated by various signaling molecules, such as IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors. In addition, RELMs can mediate numerous signaling pathways, including HMGB1/RAGE, IL-4/IL-4Rα, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, and so on. RELMs proteins are involved in wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, barrier defense, etc., and participate in the progression of numerous diseases such as lung diseases, intestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Meanwhile, RELMs can serve as biomarkers, risk predictors, and therapeutic targets for these diseases. An in-depth understanding of the role of RELMs may provide novel targets or strategies for the treatment and prevention of related diseases.
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