Localization of Pyruvate:NADP<sup>+</sup> Oxidoreductase in Sporozoites of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>

Čtrnáctá, Vlasta; Ault, Jeffrey G.; Stejskal, František; Keithly, Janet S.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00099.x

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium muris encodes ATP synthase, SDH and a Krebs cycle, whereas C. parvum encodes a partial F 1 F o -ATP synthase. Reports suggest that the C. parvum organelle imports ATP (generated in the cytoplasm by PNO and ACS) using an ADP/ATP carrier [111,112].…”

Section: (B) Alveolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Stairs

Leger

Roger

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

130

172

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Eukaryotic origins: progress and challenges'. Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes ( protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.

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Section: (B) Alveolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Stairs

Leger

Roger

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

130

172

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“…Although a few genes appear to have been preserved in the nuclear genome after lateral gene transfer from the plastid, these genes do not encode the PDH or proteins of lipoate synthesis typically found in the apicoplast (90). As observed for the microaerophilic bacterium H. pylori and amitochondriate protozoans (see "Metamonada and Amoebozoa" below), C. parvum contains an anaerobic acetyl-CoA-generating enzyme, pyruvate:NADP oxidoreductase (197), which is located in the cytosol (32).…”

Section: Aspergillus Fumigatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoic Acid Metabolism in Microbial Pathogens

Spalding

Prigge

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

164

204

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SUMMARY Lipoic acid [(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid] is an enzyme cofactor required for intermediate metabolism in free-living cells. Lipoic acid was discovered nearly 60 years ago and was shown to be covalently attached to proteins in several multicomponent dehydrogenases. Cells can acquire lipoate (the deprotonated charge form of lipoic acid that dominates at physiological pH) through either scavenging or de novo synthesis. Microbial pathogens implement these basic lipoylation strategies with a surprising variety of adaptations which can affect pathogenesis and virulence. Similarly, lipoylated proteins are responsible for effects beyond their classical roles in catalysis. These include roles in oxidative defense, bacterial sporulation, and gene expression. This review surveys the role of lipoate metabolism in bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens and how these organisms have employed this metabolism to adapt to niche environments.

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“…Cryptosporidium oocysts or the excysted sporozoites 43,[45][46][47] . In addition, we observed the presence of dense arrangements of the host cytoskeleton in the periphery of the vacuole along with the development of the parasitophorous vacuole of C. parvum ( Fig.…”

Section: Previously Both Organelles Had Only Been Detected Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cell culture platform forcryptosporidiumthat enables long-term cultivation and new tools for the systematic investigation of its biology

Miller

Jossé

Brown

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Cryptosporidium parasites are a major cause of diarrhoea that pose a particular threat to children in developing areas and immunocompromised individuals. Curative therapies and vaccines are lacking. Currently, Cryptosporidium oocysts for research must be freshly produced in animals and cannot be long-term stored. Here, we show that COLO-680N cells infected with two different Cryptosporidium parvum strains (Moredun, Iowa) produce sufficient infectious oocysts to infect subsequent cultures. Oocyst identity was confirmed by specific staining (Crypt-a-glo, Vicia Villosa lectin, Sporo-glo), PCR-based amplification of Cryptosporidium-specific genes, lipidomics fingerprinting, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Antibody-stained oocysts produced unstained oocysts confirming production of novel oocysts. Infected cultures could be cryoconserved and continued to produce infectious oocysts after resuscitation. Transmission electron microscopy identified all key Cryptosporidium life cycle stages. Infected cultures produced thick-walled (primarily involved in Cryptosporidium transmission between organisms) and thin-walled oocysts (important for Cryptosporidium propagation within a host/tissue) as indicated by DAPI staining (only thin-walled oocysts are permeable to DAPI staining, thus allowing visualisation of sporozoites) and AFM. In conclusion, we present a novel, easy-to-handle cell culture system that enables the propagation, cryopreservation and detailed investigation of Cryptosporidium at a laboratory scale. Its availability will accelerate research on Cryptosporidium and the development of anti-Cryptosporidium drugs.All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/134270 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 4, 2017; 3 Cryptosporidiosis causes a significant number of deaths in children and immunocompromised individuals [1][2][3][4] . It is caused by species of the genus Cryptosporidium, in humans typically by C. parvum and C. hominis. The Cryptosporidium species belong to the phylum Apicomplexa and it has recently been proposed for the species to be reclassified as a member of the subclass of gregarina 5,6 . They are waterborne pathogens, and cryptosporidiosis has commonly been associated with disease in developing countries [7][8][9] . However, more recent molecular epidemiology studies suggested that the disease is also an increasing health concern in developed countries and may have reached epidemic levels 1, 2, 10-14 . Only one moderately effective drug (nitazoxanide) is available for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis.More effective drugs are urgently needed 10,15,16 .Cryptosporidium is a parasite that invades host cells, within the boundaries of the host cell membrane, residing intracellularly yet extra-cytoplasmic sometimes referred to simply as epicellular 17 . Cryptosporidium typically infects e...

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Localization of Pyruvate:NADP⁺ Oxidoreductase in Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Lipoic Acid Metabolism in Microbial Pathogens

A cell culture platform forcryptosporidiumthat enables long-term cultivation and new tools for the systematic investigation of its biology

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Localization of Pyruvate:NADP+ Oxidoreductase in Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

Lipoic Acid Metabolism in Microbial Pathogens

A cell culture platform forcryptosporidiumthat enables long-term cultivation and new tools for the systematic investigation of its biology

Contact Info

Product

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Localization of Pyruvate:NADP⁺ Oxidoreductase in Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum