“…Furthermore, in view of the highly differentiated neuroanatomical and temporal regulation of the synthesis of different opioid peptides under various inflammatory conditions (Iadarola et al, 1988;Millan et al 1988;Stein et al, 1990;Przewlocka et al, 1992;Przewlocki et al, 1992), it seems unlikely that such a synthesis should initiate simultaneously for three different opioid receptor systems. Lastly, we and others have demonstrated opioid receptors on peripheral nerves under normal conditions (LaMotte et al, 1976;Fields et al, 1980;Ninkovic et al, 1982;Stein et al, 1990;Hassan et al, 1993). Therefore, we put forth an alternative hypothesis, namely, that opioid receptors are preexistent on sensory nerves but hardly accessible under normal circumstances and that the disruption of a physical barrier and a subsequent facilitated access for agonists contributes to their enhanced antinociceptive effects during the early stages of inflammation.…”