Localization of norepinephrine and serotonin transporter in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells

TNF-α knockout and minocycline treatment attenuates blood–brain barrier leakage in MPTP-treated mice

“…While not inherently apparent from the present results other factors originating from the dieing or compromised DA neurons could also be involved in the dysfunction of the BBB. Regardless, although biogenic amine containing neurons are often seen in close proximity to endothelial cells that also express noradrenergic and serotonergic receptors, and norepinephrine containing cell of the locus coeruleus have been shown to regulate barrier function (Kobayashi et al, 1985;Raichle et al, 1975;Wakayama et al, 2002), there was no evidence of dopaminergic control of barrier leakage in the SN and striatum in the current study, after three days. We have previously shown that 6OHDA produces BBB dysfunction after 10 and 34 days (Carvey et al, 2005), therefore there is a possibility that neuroinflammation can initiate a first phase of BBB dysfunction (i.e.…”

“…Since neuroinflammation including microglia activation and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are present in patients with PD and in animal models of the disease (Aschner, 1998 ) it is quite possible that 6-OHDA-induced neuroinflammation was responsible for the breakdown in barrier integrity. However, neurons containing biogenic amines are found in close proximity to brain capillaries (Rennels and Nelson, 1975;DiCarlo, Jr. et al, 1984; Kapadia and de Lanerolle, 1984), endothelial cells express both noradrenergic and serotoninergic transporters (Wakayama et al, 2002) and receptors (Wakayama et al, 2002;Kobayashi et al, 1985), and stimulation of the locus coeruleus increases BBB permeability (Raichle et al, 1975) suggesting that neurotransmitters may regulate BBB function as well. The BBB leakage we observed in rats treated with 6-OHDA could be the result of neuroinflammation, DA neuron loss, or a combination of both.…”

Comparison of Uptake of Multiple Clinical Radiotracers into Brown Adipose Tissue Under Cold-Stimulated and Nonstimulated Conditions

“…Wakayama et al reported that NET is expressed in the endothelial cells of capillary vessels in the brain (19). NET also appears to be expressed in the endothelial cells of capillary vessels in BAT.…”

Serotonin and Blood Pressure Regulation

“…However, a study in 1968 demonstrated that intravenous 5-HT administration results in higher levels of 5-HT and its primary metabolite, 5-HIAA, in the brain (Bulat and Supek, 1968). Moreover, with the finding that SERT is on the capillary endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain barrier (Brust et al, 2000;Wakayama et al, 2002), and that 5-HT can be transported by these cells (Roux and Couraud, 2005), it is possible for 5-HT to move in and out of the CNS. Nakatani et al…”