Localization of nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP = sterol carrier protein 2) and acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomes of pigment epithelial cells of rat retina.

Deguchi, Junko; Yamamoto, Akira; Fujiki, Yukio; Uyama, M; Tsukahara, I; Tashiro, Yutaka

doi:10.1177/40.3.1552178

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The result is consistent with the fact that AeSCP-2 does not have a peroxisome targeting sequence (9). This result is different from findings in vertebrate SCP-2 studies, showing that the vertebrate SCP-2 associates heavily with peroxisomes (17,18).…”

Section: Scp-2 In Aag-2 Cellssupporting

confidence: 75%

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Subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x

Lan

Massey

2004

Journal of Lipid Research

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Subcellular distribution of Aedes aegypti sterol carrier protein-2 (AeSCP-2) and AeSCP-x was studied using electron microscopy. In both cultured A. aegypti cells and in the larval midgut, AeSCP-2 was detected mostly in the cytosol, with some labeling mitochondria and nucleus, but not in membranous vesicles. The widespread distribution of AeSCP-2 in the midgut epithelium is consistent with its potential lipid transfer function in all phases of cholesterol absorption. In contrast, AeSCP-x was found mostly in the peroxisome. Differences in the subcellular distribution of AeSCP-2 and AeSCP-x suggest that these two members of the SCP-2 gene family are functionally distinct. Overexpression of AeSCP-2 in A. aegypti cells showed increased localization of AeSCP-2 to cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus. This is the first report on the nuclear distribution of an SCP. Overexpression of AeSCP-2 resulted in increased cholesterol incorporation in cells, suggesting that AeSCP-2 enhances cholesterol uptake. -Lan, Q., and R. J. Massey. Subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x.

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Section: Scp-2 In Aag-2 Cellssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…6B). Therefore, AeSCP-x showed a very similar cellular distribution pattern as that of the vertebrate SCP-x/SCP-2 (17,18).…”

Section: Scps In the Larval Midgutmentioning

confidence: 75%

Subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x

Lan

Massey

2004

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…The structures in the inner segment displaying crystalloid arrangements could represent specialized organelles such as peroxisomes. In fact, peroxisomes have been described before in cones and Müller cells of lower vertebrates (St Jules et al ., 1992), as well as in the RPE cells of the rat (Deguchi et al ., 1992) and amphibia (Beard et al ., 1988). However, we could not demonstrate peroxidase activity in these structures, which is an essential feature of peroxisomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eye of the african mole‐ratCryptomys anselli: to see or not to see?

Cernuda-Cernuda

Garcı́a-Fernández

Gordijn

et al. 2003

Eur J of Neuroscience

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In an attempt to clarify its possible physiological role, we studied the eye of the Zambian mole rat Cryptomys anselli by light, electron and confocal microscopy using conventional staining as well as immunolabelling with rod and cone cell markers. The small eyes of Cryptomys are located superficially and display all features typical of sighted animals: iris, pupil and well-developed lens, separating the anterior chamber and the vitreous. The retina shows a well stratified organization and the folds described in blind subterranean or nocturnal mammals were not observed. The major population of the photoreceptor cells in the Cryptomys retina consists of rod cells, again with a morphology quite similar to that found in sighted animals. The relatively short outer segments contain numerous well-stacked disks and show a strong rod-opsin as well as transducin immunoreaction. Synapses were evident in the spherules, the round basal processes of the rod cell, but they lacked the precise organization reported for sighted mammals. Cone cells were present as well, as indicated by peanut lectin staining, but no immunolabelling with polyclonal M/L-opsin antisera was detectable. The presence of cone cells was also suggested by some basal processes at the outer plexiform layer which displayed several synaptic active sites and irregular contours. While the other retinal layers also showed an organization typical of sighted mammals, there were signs of less tightly preserved morphology as well. Displaced rods and amacrine and/or ganglion cells were observed, and some sparse rod spherules penetrated into the inner nuclear layer. A major reduction was observed in the number of ganglion cells, estimated from the number of axons in the optic nerve, that was very low (approximately 1000 per retina on average) relative to sighted mammals. The data we have suggest a slow, ongoing loss of cells with ageing. Apoptotic nuclei, mainly corresponding to photoreceptor cells and ganglion cells, were detected in young individuals, and an overall reduction in the thickness of the retina was observed in older animals. The morphological data presented here allow some first speculations on the physiological role of the Cryptomys eye and will hopefully trigger detailed studies on the chronobiology and the anatomy of the retinal projections and of the visual cortex of this remarkable species.

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“…Müller cells take up DHA (Gordon and Bazan, 1990), incorporate it into glial phospholipids and channel it towards the photoreceptors (Politi et al, 2001). Müller cells also express fatty acid-binding and -transfer proteins for the transport of DHA and other fatty acids (Deguchi et al, 1992;Kingma et al, 1998). A potential mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects of DHA in diabetic retinopathy was recently suggested, whereby microglia recruit receptors into lipid rafts (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glia–neuron interactions in the mammalian retina

Vecino

Rodríguez

Ruzafa

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

610

533

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The mammalian retina provides an excellent opportunity to study glia-neuron interactions and the interactions of glia with blood vessels. Three main types of glial cells are found in the mammalian retina that serve to maintain retinal homeostasis: astrocytes, Müller cells and resident microglia. Müller cells, astrocytes and microglia not only provide structural support but they are also involved in metabolism, the phagocytosis of neuronal debris, the release of certain transmitters and trophic factors and K(+) uptake. Astrocytes are mostly located in the nerve fibre layer and they accompany the blood vessels in the inner nuclear layer. Indeed, like Müller cells, astrocytic processes cover the blood vessels forming the retinal blood barrier and they fulfil a significant role in ion homeostasis. Among other activities, microglia can be stimulated to fulfil a macrophage function, as well as to interact with other glial cells and neurons by secreting growth factors. This review summarizes the main functional relationships between retinal glial cells and neurons, presenting a general picture of the retina recently modified based on experimental observations. The preferential involvement of the distinct glia cells in terms of the activity in the retina is discussed, for example, while Müller cells may serve as progenitors of retinal neurons, astrocytes and microglia are responsible for synaptic pruning. Since different types of glia participate together in certain activities in the retina, it is imperative to explore the order of redundancy and to explore the heterogeneity among these cells. Recent studies revealed the association of glia cell heterogeneity with specific functions. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of glia on photoreceptors and ganglion cells under normal and adverse conditions will also be explored.

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Localization of nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP = sterol carrier protein 2) and acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomes of pigment epithelial cells of rat retina.

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x

Subcellular localization of the mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 and sterol carrier protein-x

The eye of the african mole‐ratCryptomys anselli: to see or not to see?

Glia–neuron interactions in the mammalian retina

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